KONFLIK PEMANFAATAN RUANG PESISIR: AKTOR, DAMPAK SOSIAL-EKOLOGIS, TATA KELOLA, DAN COASTAL SPACE-USE CONFLICT FRAMEWORK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62567/ijosse.v2i3.3364Keywords:
Perencanaan Ruang Laut, Keadilan Biru, Kompetisi Spasial, Akses Sumber Daya, Pengelolaan AdaptifAbstract
Konflik pemanfaatan ruang pesisir semakin penting dalam Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) karena intensifikasi perikanan, budidaya, pariwisata bahari, konservasi, pelabuhan, reklamasi, industri, dan energi laut meningkatkan tekanan terhadap ruang dan sumber daya pesisir yang terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesis hubungan antara aktivitas pesisir, aktor dan kekuasaan, pemicu konflik, mekanisme perkembangan konflik, dampak sosial-ekologis, serta respons tata kelola. Kajian menggunakan tinjauan literatur integratif terstruktur dengan Scopus sebagai basis data utama, dilengkapi Google Scholar dan penelusuran sitasi mundur, terutama terhadap publikasi periode 2015–September 2026. Setelah proses seleksi, sebanyak 32 publikasi substantif digunakan sebagai korpus akhir sintesis. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa tumpang tindih spasial tidak selalu menghasilkan konflik. Konflik berkembang ketika interaksi penggunaan ruang dipengaruhi oleh enam pemicu utama, yaitu kompetisi spasial, kompetisi sumber daya, eksternalitas lingkungan, pembatasan akses, ketidaksesuaian kelembagaan, serta konflik kekuasaan dan distribusi. Proses tersebut dimediasi oleh asimetri kekuasaan, persepsi keadilan dan legitimasi, respons aktor, serta kapasitas institusi, dan menghasilkan dampak ekologis, ekonomi, sosial, dan institusional yang saling berkaitan. Berdasarkan sintesis tersebut, penelitian ini mengembangkan Coastal Space-Use Conflict Framework (CSUCF) yang menghubungkan pemanfaatan ruang pesisir, tumpang tindih spasial/sumber daya, aktor dan kekuasaan, pemicu konflik, mekanisme konflik, dampak sosial-ekologis, respons tata kelola, dan umpan balik adaptif. CSUCF menawarkan kerangka diagnostik untuk mendukung perencanaan ruang laut, tata kelola pesisir, resolusi konflik, blue justice, dan pengelolaan pesisir adaptif dengan menekankan bahwa respons tata kelola harus disesuaikan dengan sumber dan mekanisme konflik, bukan hanya lokasi tumpang tindih penggunaan.
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