Multidisciplinary Indonesian Center Journal (MICJO)
Multidisciplinary Indonesian Center Journal (MICJO) is a multidisciplinary journal that discusses and studies disciplines, such as: - Humanities - Social sciences - Natural sciences - Law - Education, - Religious sciences - Linguistics - Philosophy, - Engineering - Business - Economics - Management - Information technology - Informatics - Health sciences - Nursing - Midwifery - Medicine - Community service Journal Title : Multidisciplinary Indonesian Center Journal Initials : MICJO Frequency : 3 Monthly, 4 issues per year (Jan, April, Juli, Oktober) E-ISSN : 3032-2472 Chief Editor : Prof. Dr. Ir. Zulkifli Sjamsir, M.M DOI Prefix : https://doi.org/10.62567/micjo Publisher :PT. Jurnal Center Indonesia Publisher Journal Cover : Get Cover MICJO Indexation : Google Scholar| GARUDA| Internasional Copernicus|Crossref Website : https://e-jurnal.jurnalcenter.com/index.php/micjo Email : admin@jurnalcenter.com Index On :
THE MEANING OF FINANCIAL REPORTING FOR MSMES: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS IN COMPLIANCE AND DECISION MAKING
This research is motivated by the low level of compliance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in preparing financial reports in accordance with applicable accounting standards. This study aims to understand the meaning of financial reporting requirements for MSMEs, analyze behavioral aspects that influence compliance with financial reporting, and examine the use of financial reports in the business decision-making process. This study uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with MSMEs and analyzed thematically to explore the informants' subjective experiences. The results show that MSMEs interpret financial reporting as a simple recording tool that functions to control cash flow and business continuity, rather than as a formal administrative obligation. Compliance with financial reporting is influenced by the perception of ease, experience, and habits of business actors. Furthermore, financial reports are used only to a limited extent in business decision-making and are often combined with intuition and personal experience. These findings emphasize the need for a behavioral approach to improve the quality of MSME financial reporting.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rita J D Atarwaman, Muza Syahraini Prabowo, Natalia Evernande Gomies, Putri Zahra Thahir, Muhammad Arya Kabalmay https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF BUDGETARY DECENTRALIZATION (DECENTRALIZATION CUTS) AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM ON THE QUALITY OF ACCOUNTABILITY OF THE COOPERATIVE SERVICE'S FINANCIAL REPORTS
AThis study aims to empirically test and analyze the influence of Budgetary Decentralization (DP)—including the dynamics of Decentralization Curtailment—and the Effectiveness of the Internal Control System (ICS) on the Quality of Financial Statement Accountability (QFSA) at the Ambon City Cooperatives Office. QFSA is considered a crucial reflection of public entity responsibility, affected by the mechanism of fiscal authority allocation and the internal oversight system. This quantitative research employs a survey method, with the population being all staff involved in the financial cycle at the Ambon City Cooperatives Office (Head of Office, PPK, and PPTK). Given the limited number of relevant subjects, a Saturated Sampling (Census) technique was used. Primary data was collected via a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis with SPSS software. Empirically, the results are expected to prove that (1) Budgetary Decentralization (including curtailment dynamics) has a significant influence on QFSA, and (2) The effectiveness of a robust ICS is positively and significantly correlated with QFSA. These findings are important for enriching the public sector accounting literature, highlighting the necessity of balancing delegated authority (decentralization) with the strengthening of internal control to achieve optimal financial statement accountability at the Local Government Unit (SKPD) level
Copyright (c) 2026 Rita J D Atawarman, Natalie Jessica Rubak, Natalia H.Tatuhey, Erika Kili-Kili https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIORAL CONTROL ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MSMES IN NUSANIWE DISTRICT
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the Indonesian economy, yet they still face the challenge of suboptimal financial performance. This study aims to analyze the direct influence of Financial Attitudes and Behavioral Control on MSME Financial Performance and examine the mediating role of Financial Behavior in this relationship. This study is grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which positions attitudes and behavioral control as the primary determinants of individual intentions and behavior. Using a quantitative approach, this study will test hypotheses on 31 MSME owners/managers in Nusaniwe District, selected through purposive sampling. Data will be collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Validity, reliability, and multiple regression tests will test the simultaneous influence of attitudes, control, and behavior on financial performance. The results are expected to provide insight into the importance of behavioral aspects (attitudes and control) in improving MSME financial performance and contribute to more effective mentoring programs and policy formulation
Copyright (c) 2026 Rita J D Atawarman, Theovilia L Bernadus, Rifki Kurniawan, Arleston Pelupessy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT THROUGH ACCOUNTING EDUCATION TO IMPROVE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SKILLS
Improving Financial Literacy and Management Skills of Fisherman Groups Through Practical Accounting Education (Case Study: Seri Village, Ambon City) This community service program (PkM) aims to empower the fisherman groups in Seri Village, Ambon City, by enhancing their basic financial literacy and management skills using a practical accounting education approach. Weak financial management skills, especially in managing the fluctuating catch yields and income, are often the main obstacle to achieving economic stability and growth in the fisheries sector. The implementation method utilized was participatory and application-based training and mentoring, tailored to the income and expenditure patterns of the fishing community. The program involved a series of workshops that simplified basic accounting concepts, such as transaction recording. The effectiveness of the program was measured by comparing the results of a pre-test and post-test to gauge the increase in knowledge, as well as through observation and questionnaires to assess changes in financial management behavior. The results showed a significant increase in the understanding of financial management concepts among the Seri Village fishermen, evidenced by the improvement in the average post-test scores. Post-training mentoring also demonstrated positive changes in financial management practices, including the ability to set aside savings for boat/gear maintenance and the ability to control daily debt. In conclusion, practical accounting education is an effective and crucial instrument in community empowerment programs, particularly for the fishing sector. This PkM successfully equipped the fishermen with practical tools to make better and more planned financial decisions, directly contributing to the improvement of economic independence and the well-being of the fishing families.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rita J D Atawarman, Sheilla Tijahahu, Christi Salamba, Styven Talahatu, Suwek Seftiani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
QRIS IMPLEMENTATION IN MSMES:A STUDY OF EASE OF USE AND ITS IMPACT ON TRANSACTION EFFICIENCY (STUDY OF MSMES IN KECAMATAN TELUK AMBON )
This study examines the implementation of the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and analyzes the effect of ease of use on transaction efficiency. This research employs a quantitative explanatory approach based on a field study conducted in Teluk Ambon District. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to MSME actors who have implemented QRIS as a digital payment system. A total of 30 MSMEs were selected using purposive sampling based on predefined criteria. The collected data were analyzed using validity and reliability tests, descriptive statistics, simple linear regression analysis, t-test, and coefficient of determination (R²). The results show that ease of use has a positive and significant effect on transaction efficiency, with a significance value of 0.033, which is lower than the 0.05 significance level. The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.153 indicates that ease of use explains 15.3% of transaction efficiency, while the remaining 84.7% is influenced by other factors not examined in this study. These findings support the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) proposed by Davis and confirm that QRIS contributes to improving transaction efficiency among MSMEs. This study provides theoretical contributions to digital payment adoption literature and practical implications for policymakers, financial institutions, and MSME actors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rita J D Atarwaman, Saraun kaliky, Phuput Aprilia Arif, Riyadh Gunawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF BUDGET PARTICIPATION ON THE ACCURACY OF PROFIT PLANNING: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON MSMES TYPICAL SOUVENIRS OF AMBON
This study aims to empirically analyze the influence of budget participation on the accuracy of profit planning in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) that produce special Ambon souvenirs. The accuracy of profit planning is an important indicator of the success of MSME financial management, considering their limited resources and high levels of environmental uncertainty. This study adopts a quantitative approach using a survey method. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to 30 owners or managers of MSMEs for special Ambon souvenirs, which were selected using purposive sampling. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression analysis. The results of the study show that budget participation has a positive and significant effect on the accuracy of profit planning. These findings show that the higher the level of involvement of MSME actors in the budgeting process, the more accurate the profit planning will be. This research theoretically contributes to the development of managerial accounting in the context of MSMEs and provides practitioner implications for business practitioners and local governments in improving the quality of MSME financial management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rita JD Atarwaman, Febriana Romauli Manurung, Nurhamna Rahmatulah, Chusnul Tehuayo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES ON THE TENDENCY OF FINANCIAL REPORT MANIPULATION: A BEHAVIORAL THEORY PERSPECTIVE
Financial statement manipulation persists despite the application of accounting principles. This study aims to analyze the influence of accounting principles on the tendency of financial statement manipulation from a behavioral theory perspective. A Systematic Literature Review was conducted on 30 national and international articles published between 2014 and 2024. The results indicate that flexibility in accounting standards and subjective judgment increase the likelihood of earnings management, which is influenced by performance pressure and incentive systems. This study emphasizes the importance of consistent accounting principles and behavioral control in reducing financial statement manipulation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rita J D Atawarman, Helita Resley, Vannia F Siahaya, Anita Ipa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF COST CONTROL SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION IN IMPROVING MICRO-ENTERPRISE EFFICIENCY (Case Study: Mrs. Delin’s Grocery Business in Tuni Hamlet)
Micro-enterprises play a strategic role in the Indonesian economy, particularly in rural areas. However, limited resources and a low level of financial management understanding often lead to operational cost inefficiencies. This study aims to analyze the implementation of a cost control system in improving the efficiency of a micro-enterprise, focusing on a grocery business owned by Mrs. Delin in Tuni Hamlet. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and direct observation. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the implementation of a simple cost control system through expense recording, budgeting, and expenditure evaluation can improve operational efficiency, as reflected by reduced waste and better cost management. The main challenges in implementing cost control include limited accounting knowledge and informal business management habits. This study is expected to serve as a reference for micro-enterprise owners in improving efficiency through simple and applicable cost control practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rita J D Atarwaman, Fioneti T Birahy, Fensya Penina, Muhammad Maulud Samal, Yehezkiel Persunay https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
TTHE INFLUENCE OF VILLAGE OFFICIAL COMPETENCE ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF VILLAGE FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS (SAKD): A CONTINGENCY STUDY IN POKA VILLAGE
Transparent and accountable village financial management is one of the important indicators in realizing good village governance. The government has established the Village Financial Accounting Standards (SAKD) as guidelines for the preparation and presentation of village financial reports. However, in practice, the implementation of SAKD still faces various challenges, particularly those related to the competence of village officials as financial managers. This study aims to analyze the effect of village officials’ competence on the implementation of the Village Financial Accounting Standards (SAKD) in Poka Village. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires to all village officials directly involved in village financial management using a saturated sampling technique. The independent variable in this study is the competence of village officials, which includes technical, managerial, and conceptual competencies, while the dependent variable is the implementation of SAKD. Data were analyzed using linear regression analysis with the assistance of statistical software. The results of the study indicate that the competence of village officials has a positive and significant effect on the implementation of SAKD in Poka Village. These findings suggest that improving the competence of village officials can encourage more optimal implementation of SAKD and enhance the quality of village financial management and reporting in a sustainable manner, thereby supporting public transparency and accountability as well as more effective and responsible village financial decision-making by the village government and stakeholders.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rita J D Atarwaman, Yosefa.Reresi, Inkana Dewanti Banea, Permata Sary Lausiry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
EDUCATION AND ASSISTANCE IN PREPARING MSME FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR ACCESS TO FINANCING
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in the national economy but still face challenges in accessing financing from formal financial institutions. One of the main obstacles to financing access is the limited ability of MSME owners to prepare systematic, accurate, and standardized financial statements. Many MSMEs do not maintain proper transaction records, mix personal and business finances, and lack formal financial reports required for financing applications.This community service program aims to provide education and mentoring on simple financial statement preparation to improve financial literacy and financing readiness of MSMEs. The activities were carried out through socialization, basic accounting training, intensive mentoring on transaction recording, preparation of financial statements, and financing application simulations. The program was conducted for one month targeting Warung Rindu Malam MSME located in Poka Village, Ambon City.The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding and skills in financial recording and preparation of income statements, simple balance sheets, and cash flow statements. The targeted MSME successfully produced organized financial documents that are ready to be used for financing applications. This program is expected to encourage more professional and sustainable MSME financial management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rita J D Atarwaman, Riska Tuguis, Nahda Latulumamina, Yoas Ongen Lawery, Irfan Fokatea https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A WISE FINANCIAL CONTROL PROGRAM TO IMPROVE THE FINANCIAL STABILLITY OF CHICKEN SEMPOL MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES(MSEs)
Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) play an important role in supporting local economic development; however, many MSE actors still face challenges in managing their business finances effectively. Common problems include the absence of systematic financial records, the mixing of personal and business finances, and limited understanding of financial control. This community service program aimed to improve the financial literacy and financial management practices of the Sempol Ayam Micro and Small Enterprise through an educational and mentoring-based approach. The program was implemented through counseling, training, and direct mentoring focusing on daily transaction recording, cash flow management, production cost calculation, and the preparation of simple profit and loss statements. The results indicate a significant improvement in the partner’s financial management practices, including more systematic bookkeeping, clearer separation of personal and business finances, more accurate cost calculations, and better monitoring of business performance. Overall, the program contributed positively to enhancing financial control, financial stability, and business sustainability of the micro-enterprise. These findings demonstrate that simple and practical financial management assistance can effectively strengthen the capacity of Micro and Small Enterprises.
Copyright (c) 2026 Silvian G. Pattiasina, Ilham N. Bugis, Pauji Tasalisa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE IMPACT OF ACCOUNTING UNDERSTANDING ON DECISION-MAKING QUALITY FOR CULINARY MSMES IN AMBON (SPECIFICALLY FOR THE CASE STUDY OF AYAM GEPREK INU SUHERNI LA UMAR)
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are important pillars of the regional economy, yet they still face various limitations in financial management and business decision-making. A low understanding of accounting often leads to financial decisions being made intuitively without an adequate information base. This article aims to analyze the impact of accounting understanding on the quality of financial decision-making in culinary MSMEs in Ambon City, using the case study of Ibu Suherni La Umar's Ayam Geprek business. The research method uses a qualitative explorative approach through in-depth interviews and observation. The results showed that although the business owner has not fully implemented a formal accounting system, practical understanding related to costs, turnover, profit margins, and the use of digital platforms and non-cash payments has helped in making more rational financial decisions. The use of GoFood and QRIS was proven to increase turnover, transaction efficiency, and the financial security of the business. This study concludes that a simple understanding of accounting plays an important role in improving the quality of financial decision-making and the sustainability of culinary MSMEs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asriani, Jhonmarth Kastanya, Usrina La Ode Raipu, Rita J D Atarwaman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE NORMATIVE ROLE OF FAMILY BUSINESS ETHICS IN SHAPING THE INTEGRATION OF FINANCIAL REPORTING AT THE HERLY SHOP MSME IN AMBON CITY
Family-owned MSMEs (MSMEs) play a vital role in the local economy, but they still face challenges in financial management and reporting, particularly regarding the mixing of personal and business finances. This community service project aims to implement the normative role of family business ethics in integrating financial reporting at the Herly MSME Store in Ambon City. The method used was Participatory Action Research through interviews, group discussions, training, and mentoring. The activity focused on internalizing family business ethics values and implementing a simplified financial reporting system based on the Indonesian MSME Financial Accounting Standards (SAK). The results demonstrated increased understanding, skills, and changes in attitudes toward financial transparency and accountability. The integration of family business ethics has been shown to support more structured and sustainable financial reporting.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tasya Salamin, Wa Inje Tomia, Hamida, Umaira W.S Rumanama, Rindi Rahareng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
FACTORS INFLUENCING GREEN ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN LAKE TOBA TOURISM AREA
The development of a green economy is a strategic issue in realizing sustainable development, especially in potential areas such as Lake Toba. However, the role of socio-cultural factors in supporting the green economy has not been extensively researched empirically. This study aims to analyze the influence of Community Awareness, Environmental Knowledge, and Local Cultural Beauty on Green Economic Development in the Lake Toba area. The method used is a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis techniques with the help of SPSS software version 25. Data were obtained from questionnaires distributed to local respondents The results of the study showed that Community Awareness and Environmental Knowledge did not have a significant effect on the green economy, while the Beauty of Local Culture had a significant effect. The value of the determination coefficient (R²) of 0.4053 indicates that the three variables explain the 40.5% variation in the development of the green economy. These findings confirm the importance of a cultural approach in supporting the sustainability of the Lake Toba region.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zulkarnain Nasution, Aziddin Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKLOAD AND WORK STRESS AMONG EMPLOYEES AT PT EVERBRIGHT RANTAUPRAPAT BRANCH (Case Study: Jalan Adam Malik, Darat, South Rantau District)
This study aims to determine “The Relationship Between Workload and Work Stress Among Employees at PT Everbright Rantauparapat Branch.” Workload was measured through indicators of targets to be achieved, working conditions, use of working time, work standards, and work stress was measured through indicators of task demands, role demands, organizational leadership, and interpersonal demands. The research population consisted of 36 people with a saturated sampling technique. Primary data were obtained from Likert-scale questionnaires. Based on the results of data analysis conducted, it was found that the research data met the normality assumption, as indicated by a significant value of 0.087, meaning that the data were normally distributed. In addition, the results of the linearity test showed a significance value of deviation from linearity of 0.500, which means that the relationship between workload and work stress is linear. Furthermore, the results of the simple linear regression test showed that there was a relationship between workload and work stress with a result of 0.534, meaning that there is a fairly strong relationship between workload and work stress.
Copyright (c) 2026 Henny Pratiwi, Nurfadillah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF IN DEPTH LEARNING ON STUDENTS MOTIVATION AND LEARNING INDEPENDENCE AT PADANGSIDIMPUAN STATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 200306
Abstract This study aims to analyze the effect of the implementation of immersive learning on student motivation and learning independence at Padangsidimpuan Public Elementary School 200306. The background of this research stems from the need to provide a learning process that is not only oriented towards final results, but also encourages students to understand the meaning of learning, think critically, and take responsibility for their learning process. The research method used was a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The study subjects included 50 fifth-grade students divided into an experimental group and a control group. Data collection instruments included a learning motivation questionnaire, a learning independence observation sheet, and documentation of learning outcomes. Data were analyzed using a t-test to determine significant differences between the two groups. The results showed that the implementation of immersive learning had a positive and significant impact on increasing student motivation and learning independence. Students participating in immersive learning demonstrated greater enthusiasm, active question-asking, and the ability to manage assignments independently compared to those in the control group. These findings indicate that immersive learning strategies can be an effective alternative in developing reflective, independent, and problem-solving-oriented learners. Thus, the implementation of immersive learning in elementary schools needs to be continuously strengthened through teacher training, the development of teaching materials, and a learning culture that fosters students' ongoing curiosity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Rahma Sianipar, Hairul Idris, Hamka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE ROLE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN INTEGRATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONCEPTS THROUGH SIMPLE CODING ACTIVITIES
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents both opportunities and challenges for elementary education. Teachers play a strategic role in preparing young learners to understand and adapt to technology critically, creatively, and ethically. This study aims to analyze the role of elementary school teachers in integrating AI concepts through simple coding activities, as well as to identify the strategies and challenges encountered during implementation. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach, using interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis as data collection techniques. The findings reveal that teachers serve as digital learning facilitators, innovators in designing coding-based learning activities, and ethical guides who help students use technology responsibly. Simple coding activities effectively foster students’ logical thinking, creativity, and digital collaboration skills. However, limited technological infrastructure and insufficient teacher training remain major obstacles to sustainable implementation. Therefore, systemic support through educational policy, professional development, and adaptive curriculum design is essential. Integrating AI concepts through simple coding in elementary schools not only enhances digital literacy but also cultivates ethical awareness and social responsibility toward technology. With collaborative support from educators, institutions, and policymakers, elementary education can become a foundational stage for shaping a generation that is intelligent, creative, and morally grounded in the era of artificial intelligence
Copyright (c) 2026 Harol Hamonangan, Sri Yanti, Irma Desni, Hamka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ONLINE GAME ADDICTION AND EMOTIONAL CHANGES AMONG SCHOOLAGE AT UPT SDN GARUDA MAKASSAR
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between online game addiction and emotional changes among school-age children at UPT SDN Garuda Makassar. The phenomenon of increasing gadget and online game use among children has become a major concern because it can affect their emotional and social aspects. This research employed a quantitative method with a descriptive correlational design and a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of all fifth- and sixth-grade students totaling 37 respondents, with 34 students meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed statistically using a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that most respondents experienced online game addiction (18 students or 52.9%) and emotional changes (18 students or 52.9%). Based on the bivariate test results, a p-value of 0.007 (p < 0.05) was obtained, indicating a significant relationship between online game addiction and emotional changes among school-age children.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tut Handayani, Alamsyah, Nurlina, Zainuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
HUMAN RESOURCE ASPECTS IN MARKETING EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
This study aims to analyze the role of human resources (HR) in marketing educational services, with a focus on the competence, motivation, and professionalism of educators and administrative staff. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies at several educational institutions. The formulation of the research problem includes: (1) how HR competency influences the effectiveness of marketing educational services, (2) the influence of HR motivation and job satisfaction on service quality, and (3) the role of HR integration in educational marketing strategies. The results of the study indicate that HR has a strategic role in shaping the image and quality of educational services; HR competency and training improve marketing and service capabilities; HR satisfaction and motivation influence the quality of interactions with students and parents; and HR integration in marketing strategies is a key factor in the success of institutional promotion and branding. In conclusion, the success of marketing educational services is highly dependent on HR management and development, so educational institutions need to pay special attention to improving the quality, competence, and professionalism of HR to support competitiveness and customer satisfaction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eko Satria Wahyu Utama, Fikrial Nurfaizin, Jaja Abdul Jabar, Anis Zohriah, Abdul Muin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE CIVIL DECISION EXECUTION MECHANISM IN THE INDONESIAN JUDICIAL SYSTEM
The last phase that assesses the efficiency of law enforcement in the Indonesian legal system is the execution of civil decisions. Despite having a solid legal foundation thanks to the Reglement Buitengewesten (RBg) and the Herzien Inlandsch Reglement (HIR), its execution frequently encounters a number of challenges. The purpose of this study is to examine how civil judgments are carried out, including the legal foundation, several forms of execution (such as real, payment of money, and vacating), stages of implementation (such as aanmaning, execution seizure, and forceful execution), and practical challenges. Normative juridical study using a conceptual and statutory approach is the methodology employed. The study's findings show that the primary causes of execution failure are non-legal barriers like social opposition and a lack of official backing, as well as legal barriers like verzet, derden verzet, and ambiguous verdicts. Effective, efficient, and equitable execution of civil judgments requires systemic change and interagency cooperation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Divani Tsamara Madiyya, Naurah Alfi Mufidah Anwar, Amandha Ayu Bunga Syabina, Nazwa Wahdatul Hilaliyah, Kesya Putri Kuswara, Frederika Eugene, Carolyn Victoria, Yuni Priskila Ginting https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY RIGHTS IN VILLAGE DEMOCRACY
The community has the right to express aspirations, suggestions, and opinions in the village government's execution. The goal of this study is to examine how community rights are implemented and identify barriers to their effective execution in village management. In particular, the preparation of the Draft Village Regulation aims to enhance the implementation of democracy in the Village. The research method employed is empirical legal research, utilizing primary and secondary data collection methods through in-depth observations and interviews. The results are based on field studies and documents from the Gunungsari Village Government, Tajinan District, Malang Regency. A qualitative juridical analysis is then carried out. The study's results show that implementing community rights in expressing aspirations, suggestions, and opinions is crucial in preparing the draft village regulations. In the planning activities for preparing village regulations, participation has been carried out through village deliberations and hamlet deliberations, which have identified inhibiting factors. First, there are still people who do not understand their rights. Second, there are still people who remain indifferent. Third, the community has not been informed about the village authority's plan to create village ordinances. Techniques for conquering difficulties 1). connecting the community's and the village government's perspectives, goals, and tactics. 2) Budgetary support from the village government for improving community human resources through education, training, and courses. 3) Village government programs and activity plans must be oriented towards improving community income and welfare. 4) Improved facilities and infrastructure for disseminating plans for drafting village regulations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mukhammad Soleh, Dian Utami Ikhwaningrum, Marsudi Dedi Putr, Vivi Fauziatul Aini, Angellica Chirzt Ernestacia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
UTILIZING INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR 21ST-CENTURY TEACHERS
This study aims to describe the utilization of interactive technology and artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the competencies of 21st-century teachers within the Educational Coordination Office of Pangkatan Sub-District, Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatra Province. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with a field study approach through a six-day workshop. The subjects of this study consisted of 20 elementary school teachers who participated in training sessions on Quizizz, Wordwall, and the use of AI tools such as ChatGPT in the learning process. Data were collected through observation, interviews, pre-test and post-test assessments, as well as documentation, and were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate a significant improvement in teachers’ understanding and skills in integrating interactive technology and AI into the learning process. The average pre-test score of 70.00% increased to 89.00% in the post-test, indicating a 19.00% improvement in competency. In addition, teachers successfully developed gamification-based learning media using Quizizz and Wordwall, and utilized artificial intelligence to efficiently design teaching materials and evaluation tasks. The workshop activities also fostered teachers’ motivation, creativity, and digital awareness regarding the importance of innovation in 21st-century education.This study affirms that the integration of interactive technology and AI not only enhances teachers’ pedagogical competencies but also contributes to the development of a more adaptive, collaborative, and digitally relevant learning ecosystem aligned with the needs of the modern era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syaddam Rijali, Rahmy Febriani Ritonga, Riski Ananda Nasution, Anita Adinda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GAMIFIED LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS IN IMPROVING LITERACY SKILLS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of gamified learning environments in improving literacy skills among primary school students. Gamification, which incorporates game elements such as points, badges, levels, and challenges into the learning process, is considered capable of enhancing motivation and student engagement—particularly in literacy learning, which young learners often perceive as less appealing. This research employed a mixed-methods design involving students from both lower and upper primary grades as research subjects. Quantitative data were collected through literacy tests and motivation questionnaires, while qualitative data were gathered through observations and interviews. The findings reveal that gamified learning environments significantly improve students’ reading comprehension, vocabulary mastery, and reading interest. Moreover, game elements such as challenges and rewards positively influence students’ learning motivation and persistence in completing literacy tasks. These results highlight gamification as an effective and innovative approach to enhancing literacy skills, making it a valuable strategy for integration into primary school instruction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syaddam Rijali, Sri Handayani Hsb, Anita Adinda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
REFORMULATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ZAKAT AND TAX IN THE ISLAMIC FISCAL SYSTEM: A THEMATIC STUDY OF THE QUR’AN AND HADITH IN THE INDONESIAN CONTEXT
Indonesia faces a dualism within the Islamic fiscal system, where zakat and taxes operate separately without clear integration. This condition raises fundamental questions regarding the relationship between the two from a sharia perspective and their implications for fiscal justice among Indonesian Muslims. This study aims to examine and formulate the relationship between zakat and taxes from the perspective of the Qur’an and Hadith in order to produce an applicable reformulation model within the context of Indonesia’s fiscal system. This research employs a qualitative approach using a thematic (maudhu‘i) method applied to primary Islamic texts. Qur’anic verses and Hadiths related to zakat, taxation (kharaj, jizyah, ‘usyur), and fiscal obligations were collected, classified, and comprehensively analyzed to identify the underlying connection between the two. The analysis is further supported by a study of maqashid al-shariah and contemporary ijtihad of Indonesian scholars. This study seeks to produce a reformulation model of the zakat–tax relationship through three possible schemes: (1) a partial substitution model, in which zakat can serve as a deduction for income tax up to a certain limit; (2) a complementary model, positioning zakat as a religious obligation and tax as a civic obligation with distinct functions; and (3) a progressive integrative model, integrating zakat into the national fiscal system through a more comprehensive tax incentive mechanism. The findings indicate that the Qur’an and Hadith provide a flexible foundation for all three models, depending on the context of maslahah and public interest.
Copyright (c) 2026 TB Rifat, Basyarudin, Eko Bambang Rahmono, Ahmad Pathonih, Asep Mustopa Kamal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
DESCRIPTION OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF BOILED MORINGA LEAVES TO REDUCE RANDOM BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN MRS. D WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN SIKAMPUH VILLAGE, KROYA DISTRICT, CILACAP REGENCY
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by high levels of physical activity, high sugar consumption, reduced insulin production, and impaired insulin response or other hormones that inhibit insulin action. Based on IDF data, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia in 2024 is estimated to reach 11.3% of the population (approximately 20.4 million people). In addition, the Ministry of Health shows that in 2023, cases of diabetes mellitus will reach 11.7% and are predicted to continue to increase. High blood glucose levels, if left untreated, can cause various complications such as heart disease, stroke, nerve damage, and wound infections that can lead to amputation. One non-pharmacological treatment that can be given is by giving boiled moringa leaves, because moringa leaves contain antioxidants such as flavonoids, vitamins A, C, and E which can lower blood glucose levels. Objective: To determine the effect of Moringa leaf decoction on reducing blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus patients in Sikampuh Village, Kroya District, Cilacap Regency. Method: The method used was a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Results: Based on the research results, administering Moringa leaf decoction to blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus patients for 7 days was proven to be effective in lowering blood glucose levels. Conclusion: Administering Moringa leaf decoction to diabetes mellitus patients for 7 days can lower blood glucose levels.
Copyright (c) 2026 Latifah Azhar Dini, Eko Julianto, Sudiarto, Dwi Astuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION OF DEEP LEARNING APPROACH IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE LEARNING TO DEVELOP CRITICAL AND REFLECTIVE THINKING SKILLS OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
This study aims to describe the implementation of the deep learning approach in Indonesian language learning and its impact on the development of critical and reflective thinking skills of high school students in several schools in Makassar City. The deep learning approach is seen as an innovative learning strategy that emphasizes high-level thinking processes, active engagement, and deep reflection on teaching materials. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation of learning activities, interviews with teachers and students, and analysis of learning outcome documents. The results of the study show that the application of the deep learning approach contributes positively to improving the quality of learning interactions and students' metacognitive awareness. Students show high ability to identify problems, analyze arguments, draw logical conclusions, and reflect on the learning process. Deep learning-based learning also strengthens collaborative interaction patterns in the classroom and encourages students' intellectual independence. Thus, the deep learning approach is relevant to be applied in Indonesian language learning in high school to foster critical, reflective, and literacy skills in accordance with the demands of 21st century education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andi Paida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
SUSTAINABLE AGILITY-DRIVEN CULTURE IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A PRIDE FRAMEWORK FOR FUTURE-READY ORGANIZATIONS
This research develops the PRIDE Framework to integrate five interdependent dimensions, People (People-Centric Excellence), Resilience, Innovation, Development, and Empowerment, into a unified model explaining how HRM practices drive both sustainability and agility. A systematic literature review guided by PRISMA principles was conducted, selecting peer-reviewed empirical and conceptual studies that examine HRM, organizational agility, and sustainability. Thematic synthesis and reflexive analysis produced a circular puzzle architecture representing these dimensions and their interconnections. Findings reveal that integrated people-centric policies, robust knowledge management, embedded innovation practices, continuous learning, and distributed decision-making create synergistic capabilities that enable rapid adaptation while maintaining long-term viability. Critical enablers include psychological safety, holistic wellness initiatives, adaptive learning programs, and outcome-based empowerment. The framework addresses gaps by showing sustainability and agility as complementary imperatives rather than competing priorities. Future research should validate the framework through multi-level and longitudinal studies, incorporate diverse language sources for broader context, and explore the impacts of AI-enabled HRM on each dimension. Limitations involve temporal and linguistic scope.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aghnia Wulandari, Suryono Efendi, Hasanudin, Yonghwa Han https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON ENHANCING ORGANIZATIONAL RESILIENCE FOR FUTURE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISES
This study explores how incorporating artificial intelligence improves institutional resilience and overcomes the rigidity of conventional, data-based methods to alter financial risk management. To find patterns in AI applications, resilience theory, and integration pathways, a qualitative systematic literature review was carried out utilizing theme synthesis in accordance with PRISMA peer-reviewed protocols. Findings show that AI techniques, machine learning for tail-risk detection, deep learning for high-frequency forecasting, and explainable AI for transparent decisions, yield up to 28% reductions in forecasting errors and halve recovery times during crises. The hybrid CNN Transformer architectures and transformer-based NLP models significantly enhance predictive accuracy and forward-looking insights. The study suggests financial institutions adopt integrated AI frameworks, invest in data quality and human–AI collaboration, and implement principle-based governance to balance innovation with fairness and stability. Limitations include reliance on published literature and limited representation of emerging AI models, warranting future longitudinal and context-specific empirical research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yonghwa Han, Andini Nurwulandari, Hasanudin, Aghnia Wulandari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF MODERNIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION ON THE COMPLIANCE OF MOTOR VEHICLE TAXPAYERS (CASE STUDY OF SAMSAT GORONTALO CITY)
This study aims to determine the influence of administrative modernization in taxation on the compliance of vehicle taxpayers at the SAMSAT Office in the Gorontalo City area. The modernization of tax administration is expected to increase service efficiency and convenience for taxpayers which can encourage increased compliance in fulfilling tax obligations. This study uses a quantitative method. Population in this study are all registered motor vehicle taxpayers as many as 144,490 taxpayers, with a sample of 100 respondents consisting of 83 two-wheeled vehicle taxpayers and 17 four-wheeled motor vehicle taxpayers. The sampling technique uses proportional random sampling. Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires to taxpayers and analyzed using simple linear regression analysis and IBM SPSS 25. The results of the study show that the modernization of tax administration has a positive and significant effect on the compliance of motor vehicle taxpayers. This is evidenced by a t-calculated value of 2.514 > t-table of 1.98472 and a significance value of 0.014 < 0.05. The value of the regression coefficient of 0.129 indicates that every 1% increase in tax administration modernization will increase taxpayer compliance by 12.9%. In addition, a determination coefficient value (R2) of 0.061 indicates that 6.1% of the variation in taxpayer compliance can be explained by modernization of tax administration, while the remaining 93.9% is influenced by other factors outside of this study.
Copyright (c) 2026 Esmelanda Diens, Hartati Tuli, Muliyani Mahmud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
PUTREN VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT INDEX (IDM) STATUS
Based onthe conditions of the Village Development Index (IDM) for Putren Village, usingscoring analysis in 2023, the score was 0.694, with a detailed Social Resilience Index (IKS) score ofSocial Resilience Index (IKS) is 0.748, the Economic Resilience Index (IKE)is 0.667, and the Environmental Resilience Index (IKL) is 0.667. With this IDM score, Putren Villageis classified as a developing village because it has not yetoptimized its Economic Resilience Index and Environmental Resilience Index.This study aims to formulate a development strategy for Putren Villagetowards becoming an independent village based on the IDM. The analysis method applied inthis study is descriptive qualitative through content analysis. Thedata collection methods used are questionnaires and interviews. The results of the analysisshow that the development strategy for Putren Village towards becoming an independentvillage based on IDM criteria and community expectations is directed at the developmentand repair of village roads, the provision of integrated drainage, the formation of BUMDesand the improvement of the competence of the community
Copyright (c) 2026 Krisna Agung Brah Murti, Linda Dwi Rohmadiani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF INFOGRAPHIC MEDIA USERS ON LEARNING MOTIVATION AND COMPREHENSION OF NEWS TEXTS OF GRADE VII STUDENTS OF SMP HASANUDDIN GOWA
This study aims to determine the influence of the use of infographic media on the motivation to learn and comprehend news texts of grade VII students of SMP Hasanuddin Gowa. The background of this research departs from the low motivation and ability of students to understand news texts, especially in Indonesian learning which requires students to be able to analyze information critically and systematically. Infographic media was chosen as an alternative because it has attractive visual characteristics, is concise, and is able to present complex information in a more understandable way. The research method used was a pseudo-experiment with a nonequivalent control group design. The research sample consisted of two classes, namely the experimental class that obtained learning using infographic media and the control class that obtained conventional learning. Data collection techniques include learning motivation questionnaires, news text comprehension tests, observations, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out through prerequisite tests (normality and homogeneity), t-test, and MANOVA test to see the effect simultaneously. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental class and the control class on the aspect of learning motivation, where the experimental class had a higher average motivation score after the use of infographic media. In addition, students' understanding of news texts in the experimental class also increased significantly compared to the control class. MANOVA's analysis strengthens the finding that infographic media has a simultaneous effect on students' motivation to learn and comprehension of news texts. Thus, this study concludes that infographic media is effectively used as a learning medium in news text materials. Infographics not only increase students' motivation to learn, but also help students understand the content of the news more comprehensively. These findings recommend the use of innovative visual media in Indonesian learning to improve the quality of students' learning processes and outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luli Muliana, A. Rahman Rahim, Rosmini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF CHROMEBOOK MEDIA AND SERIAL IMAGE MEDIA ON IMPROVING THE ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND FICTIONAL STORIES OF GRADE V STUDENTS OF SD NEGERI 122 LAMBALE, EAST KABAENA DISTRICT, BOMBANA REGENCY
Copyright (c) 2026 Liasmin liasmin, Siti Suwadah Rimang, Andi Paida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
INTERPERSONAL LANGUAGE IN STUDENT INTERACTION DISCOURSE IN THE CLASS OF SMP NEGERI 5 MANUJU (FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMIC LINGUISTICS STUDY)
This study analyzes the interpersonal language actions used by students in class interactions at SMP Negeri 5 Manuju with the Functional Systemic Linguistics (LSF) approach. This approach emphasizes the role of language as a tool to build social meaning and facilitate interaction in the context of learning. The purpose of the research is to understand how students use language to communicate, coordinate, and negotiate meaning in learning activities. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with data collection through direct observation of classroom interactions, in-depth interviews with teachers and students, and documentation in the form of recordings and field notes. Data analysis is carried out interactively through the stages of collection, reduction, presentation, and extraction of meaning from interpersonal utterances that appear in learning. The results showed that students' interpersonal language actions were realized through three types of mood clauses: interrogative, used to ask questions and ask for clarification; declarative, used to convey an opinion or information; and imperative, used to direct group work with mitigation to maintain social harmony. The function of this language act is not only to convey information, but also to build social relationships, organize group collaboration, and provide subtle approval or support. These findings provide an overview of how language plays a role in shaping communicative and collaborative interactions in the classroom.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irmawati irma, Munirah, Siti Suwadah Rimang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
MATERNALISM, THE HIJAB, AND CITIZENSHIP: A CRITIQUE OF GENDER POLITICS PRACTICES IN INDONESIA
This article examines political practices concerning gender issues in Indonesia by highlighting the roles of maternalism (ibuisme) and the hijab as symbolic political instruments. Maternalism positions women within the social construction of nurturing “mothers of the nation,” while the hijab functions as a symbol of religiosity and cultural identity used to strengthen electoral legitimacy. Although these symbols may provide women with access and acceptance in political spaces, they often limit the meaning of women’s participation by emphasizing symbolic representation rather than substantive capability and political ideas. This analysis employs a qualitative approach based on a literature review of academic studies on political representation, identity politics, patriarchy, and citizenship. The findings indicate that maternalism and the hijab reflect the persistent dominance of patriarchal culture in Indonesian politics, resulting in gender-biased forms of female citizenship. Therefore, critical awareness and deeper reflection are needed to ensure that women’s representation in politics does not remain merely symbolic but instead fosters substantive participation for a more inclusive democracy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yenny Juliana, Nikmatullah, Dahlia Hidayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
EFFORTS TO RECOVER ASSETS FROM CORRUPTION CRIMES THROUGH OPTIMIZATION OF LEGISLATION IN INDONESIA AND A REVIEW OF THE DRAFT LAW ON ASSET FORFEITURE
Corruption, as an organized and transnational crime, demands a more effective asset recovery mechanism than the conventional criminal approach currently applied in Indonesia. The limitations of criminal law instruments in tracing, confiscating, and repatriating assets that have been transferred, concealed, or placed outside national jurisdiction form the central background for the urgency of the Asset Forfeiture Bill. This study aims to analyze the concept of asset forfeiture for corruption cases through the non-conviction based forfeiture mechanism and assess the alignment of the Asset Forfeiture Bill with international standards, particularly the UNCAC. The research employs a normative legal method through an examination of legislation, academic literature, international documents, and comparative best practices. The findings indicate that the Bill introduces a new enforcement paradigm through in rem procedures, an integrated asset-tracing system, civil judicial control, and transparent asset management. The discussion reveals that although the Bill has significant potential to enhance state asset recovery, its implementation requires strengthened evidentiary standards, protection of property rights, and improved inter-agency coordination. The study concludes that the Asset Forfeiture Bill represents a strategic instrument for improving the effectiveness of anti-corruption efforts, yet its success depends on procedural safeguards, transparency in asset administration, and the institutional capacity of law enforcement bodies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irwan Triadi, Bayu Giri Atmojo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION OF ACCELERATED CULTURAL HERITAGE DATA COLLECTION BASED ON GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO. 1 OF 2022 IN SERANG CITY
Accelerating cultural heritage data collection in Serang City is a strategic step in efforts to preserve cultural heritage in accordance with the mandate of Law Number 11 of 2010 concerning Cultural Heritage and Government Regulation Number 1 of 2022 concerning National Registers and Cultural Heritage Preservation, which aims to provide accurate cultural heritage data as a basis for legal protection and preservation policies. Implementation is not optimal, as there are still suspected reserve objects (ODCB) that have not been officially determined. This research identifies the problem, namely, How is the Implementation of Accelerated Cultural Heritage Data Collection in Supporting Cultural Heritage Preservation in Serang City and what are the obstacles. This research uses authority theory and cultural heritage conservation theory as the basis for analysis. The research method used is empirical juridical with a qualitative descriptive approach through literature studies and interviews with related parties. The research results show that the acceleration of data collection has been carried out through activities to identify, verify, and record cultural heritage objects in the Dapobud system. This step, according to regulations, produces more accurate data, so that it can be immediately protected and preserved. However, implementation has not been optimal due to obstacles in the form of limited facilities and infrastructure, budget, human resources, constraints on the Dapobud system, lack of local government support, and community participation. The conclusion is that the implementation of accelerated data collection on cultural heritage in Serang City has made a positive contribution to conservation efforts, even though it still faces obstacles. Recommendations are addressed to the Serang City Government to strengthen budget support, increase human resource capacity, prepare supporting facilities, and encourage collaboration and community participation so that preservation can be sustainable.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Lestari Purba, H.E Rakhmat Jazuli, Ahmad Rayhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF E-ATTENDANCE ON THE DISCIPLINE OF STATE CIVIL APPARATUS IN THE REGIONAL PERSONNEL AGENCY OF GORONTALO PROVINCE
This research aims to determine the effect of the implementation of e-attendance on the discipline of State Civil Apparatus (ASN) at the Regional Personnel Agency of Gorontalo Province. This research uses a quantitative approach with a sample of 80 State Civil Apparatus members. The data types in this study are both primary and secondary. Data collection was done by distributing questionnaires to employees at the Regional Personnel Agency of Gorontalo Province. Data analysis was performed using simple linear regression analysis, with data processing conducted using SPSS 25. The results of this research show that e-attendance has a positive effect on the discipline of State Civil Apparatus in the Regional Personnel Agency of Gorontalo Province, with an R Square value of 0.608, meaning that 60.8% of ASN discipline is influenced by e-attendance, while the remaining 39.2% is influenced by variables not included in this study.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alhusna A. Pontoh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT IN UPHOLDING PRIVACY REGULATIONS TO STRENGTHEN NATIONAL RESILIENCE IN THE DIGITAL ERA
This study aims to explore and analyze the role of law enforcement in upholding privacy regulations as an effort to strengthen national resilience in the digital era, with a particular focus on the implementation of Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection (PDP Law). Employing a descriptive qualitative method based on a literature review, the research examines structural, technical, and institutional challenges in the enforcement of the PDP Law, including low levels of public digital literacy, the absence of comprehensive implementing regulations, and the lack of inter-agency integration. The findings reveal that weak law enforcement increases the risk of cyberattacks on critical infrastructure, diminishes public trust in digital services, and poses the potential for digital economic isolation. The study further highlights the importance of synergy among the government, private sector, civil society, and the media in developing an effective data protection system, supported by capacity-building for law enforcement officers, regulatory harmonization, and the adoption of AI-based legal technologies. Conceptually, successful law enforcement in digital privacy protection not only safeguards individual rights but also serves as a strategic foundation for national resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irfandi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE DIMENSIONS OF DIGITAL LEADERSHIP THAT AFFECT TEAM PERFORMANCE
Amidst a digitized business landscape, Digital Leadership (DL) has emerged as a crucial predictor of Team Performance. However, a fundamental question arises: which dimensions of digital leadership truly drive performance technical skills (tech-savviness), strategic vision, or relational skills? This study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 51 articles to deconstruct digital leadership into four main dimensions: (1) Technological, (2) Visionary-Strategic, (3) Relational-Emotional, and (4) Structural-Managerial. The findings reveal an unexpected pattern: the technological dimension only acts as a hygiene factor, while the structural-managerial and visionary-strategic dimensions show the most consistent impact on team performance. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the relational dimension is highly context-dependent, strong in small Agile teams but NOT significant in large bureaucratic organizations. These findings suggest a reframing of the conventional assumption that “digital leaders” must start with technical expertise, and instead suggest that organizations should train digital talent in soft skills and strategic vision, or train existing visionary leaders in basic digital literacy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ratbyansa Nur, Agung Surya Dwianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
LITERATURE REVIEW: THE INFLUENCE OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH THE ROLE OF WORK ENVIRONMENT MEDIATION AND MANAGEMENT STYLE
This study aims to analyze the Influence of performance appraisal on employee performance by considering the mediating role of the work environment and management style. Performance appraisal is a strategic tool in human resource management to assess employee achievements and provide feedback. However, its effectiveness is often influenced by the conditions of the work environment and the leadership style applied by the organization. Through a literature review of Scopus-indexed journals from 2020–2025, this study identifies the relationship between performance appraisal, work environment, management style, and employee performance. The review results show that a fair and transparent appraisal system can enhance employee motivation and performance. The work environment acts as an important mediator because comfortable and supportive conditions influence employees' responses to feedback. In addition, transformational and participative management styles strengthen the positive impact of appraisal
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuni Nur Wulandari, Agung Surya Dwianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
OVERTIME TRAP: LITERATURE REVIEW BURNOUT MECHANISM AND DECLINING WORK–LIFE BALANCE
Overtime has become a strong feature of modern work culture, especially in high-pressure sectors in Asia, such as manufacturing, logistics, and services. Although many studies have proven the link between long working hours and the deterioration of employee welfare, the mechanisms explaining how overtime causes an imbalance between work and personal life (Work-life Balance) have not yet been fully explored and pieced together. This narrative literature review aims to synthesize findings from key and recent studies published between 2000 and 2025. The goal is to form a conceptual framework of understanding how overtime can trigger burnout (emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion) and ultimately disrupt WLB. Based on four main theoretical foundations, namely Job Demands–Resources (JD-R), Conservation of Resources (COR), Effort Recovery Model, and Work–Home Resources Model, this review identifies three main pathway mechanisms: (1) Overtime increases job demands while simultaneously reducing opportunities for self-recovery. (2) Burnout, especially emotional exhaustion, acts as a psychological strain that mediates the effects of overtime. (3) The spillover effects of burnout trigger interference between work and home domain through time based conflicts and strain. Organizational support, job autonomy, family roles, marital status, gender and workload pressure are important moderators that can strengthen or weaken the relationship between each variable. While the theoretical contribution of this review lies in combining various perspectives into a conceptual model of the "overtime trap," its practical contribution lies in proposing implications for organizations, job redesign, fatigue management, and more adaptive work policies. Future research is expected to use longitudinal, mixed-method, and cross-cultural designs to validate, strengthen and expand this model.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rusidari, Agung Surya Dwianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
CLINICAL PROFILE OF DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS (DR-TB) PATIENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AT RSUD DR. SOETOMO (JANUARY 2021 - DECEMBER 2021) (TITLE)
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 has had an impact on all aspects of life, particularly global health. Indonesia is one of the affected countries. The Indonesian government has responded to the conditions of this pandemic, one of which is by imposing access restrictions to prevent the pandemic from spreading. This policy indirectly affects the community's activities, including the utilization of existing healthcare services. Meanwhile, available data show that one of the major issues that the Indonesian state is still dealing with is its status as the third country with the greatest number of TB (Tuberculosis) cases in the world, with some of the TB cases being classified as Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB).
Copyright (c) 2026 Valentina Alfianti Herdy Tamyn, Rebekah J. Setiabudi, Soedarsono, Ibrahim Syamsuri, Shofiuddin Al Mufid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
EVALUATING GEOGRAPHY BASIC COMPETENCIES IN THE 2013 CURRICULUM IN RELATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ SPATIAL LITERACY
This study aims to analyze the extent to which the Basic Competencies (KD) in Geography in the 2013 Curriculum contribute to strengthening students' spatial literacy. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with content analysis techniques on curriculum documents and source triangulation. The results showed that the Basic Competencies in Geography in grades X, XI, and XII have varying levels of strengthening spatial literacy. Grade X plays a role in building a foundation for spatial understanding related to geosphere phenomena. Grade XI strengthens understanding of spatial interactions through materials on resource distribution, population dynamics, and human-environment relationships. Meanwhile, grade XII is the level with the greatest contribution to spatial literacy through materials on remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), rural-urban spatial patterns, and zoning. Although the structure of the Basic Competencies shows gradual development, it is not entirely consistent in demanding advanced spatial skills, especially at earlier levels. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening learning strategies and supporting school facilities to maximize the potential of Basic Competencies in building students' spatial literacy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Edies Rizqi Adelia, Maulida Afna Musoffa, Shinta Ester Debora, Muhammmad Zid, Wini Mustikarani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
DEVELOPMENT OF A B2B MARKET PENETRATION STRATEGY FOR ANTARES EAZY CCTV PRODUCTS AT PT TELKOM INDONESIA
The CCTV industry continues to grow rapidly and is projected to reach a global market value of USD 75 billion by 2025. Amid strong competition from international players such as Hikvision and Dahua, PT Telkom Indonesia seeks to strengthen the position of its Antares Eazy CCTV product in the B2B market. This study analyzes the determinants of Purchase Intention toward Antares Eazy using the PLS-SEM approach, focusing on Service Quality, product quality, Pricing, Trust, and Brand Awareness as a moderating variable. Data were collected from 47 companies that use or potentially use CCTV solutions. The findings demonstrate that Service Quality, product quality, and Pricing exert significant effects on Trust, which subsequently influences Purchase Intention. Brand Awareness reinforces this relationship. The findings highlight the need for improved after-sales service, product enhancement, and more competitive Pricing strategies to strengthen Antares Eazy’s competitiveness in the B2B CCTV market.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zamaludin Abdulah, Putu Nina Madiawati, Arry Widodo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STUNTING REDUCTION POLICY (CASE STUDY OF KUANTAN SINGINGI AND ROKAN HULU REGENCIES)
Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem threatening Indonesia’s human resource quality. Although the government issued, implementation shows results across regions. This research analyzes and compares stunting reduction policy implementation in Kuantan Singingi and Rokan Hulu Regencies, Riau Province, using George Edward III’s policy implementation theory. This qualitative research with comparative case study approach employs in interviews, observation, and documentation. Results show both regencies face different challenges in communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. Kuantan Singingi experienced increased stunting prevalence from 17.8% (2022) to 23% (2023), while Rokan Hulu successfully reduced from 58.9% (2013) to 17.9% (2021). Implementation success differences are caused by variations in cross-sectoral coordination, resource adequacy, implementer commitment, and bureaucratic structure effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rika Meriza, Harapan Tua RFS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP STYLE AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON REMOTE WORK ADAPTATION READINESS WITH THE MEDIATION ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL DIGITAL READINESS
The development of digital technology and changes in the global work environment, particularly post-pandemic, have encouraged organizations to adopt remote and hybrid work systems. The successful implementation of these work systems is determined not only by technological readiness but also by organizational and individual factors. This study aims to analyze the influence of transformational leadership style and organizational culture on readiness to adapt to remote work, and to examine the mediating role of individual digital readiness in this relationship. This study uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory method. Data were collected through a Likert-scale-based questionnaire distributed online to employees working in remote or hybrid work systems using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and PROCESS macro to test the direct relationship and mediation effects between variables. The results of this study are expected to provide theoretical contributions to the development of literature related to leadership, organizational culture, and individual digital readiness, as well as provide practical implications for organizations in designing leadership strategies, strengthening organizational culture, and developing digital competencies to improve readiness to adapt to remote work effectively and sustainably.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rita J D Atawarman, Siti Sholeha hasan, Rivaldo Lyonel Papilaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY IMPLEMENTATION (A CASE STUDY BETWEEN PEKANBARU CITY AND PADANG CITY)
Waste management problems in Indonesia have become a crucial challenge, especially in major cities. This study aims to analyze the comparative implementation of waste management policies in Pekanbaru City and Padang City using the George C. Edward III policy implementation model. This qualitative research with a literature study approach analyzes four variables: communication, resources, bureaucratic structure, and disposition. The results show that Pekanbaru City faces significant constraints in all four variables, with a waste management achievement of 66.49% and even experiencing a waste emergency status in 2025. In contrast, Padang City achieved 94.02% and received various international awards. This difference is caused by more effective policy communication, massive community empowerment through 182 waste banks, strong fiscal commitment with a budget of Rp 70 billion, solid multi-stakeholder coordination, and a high implementer disposition in Padang City.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vivin Delvya Roza, Harapan Tua RFS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
DECENTRALIZATION AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: COMPARING PUBLIC ADMIISTRATION STRATEGIES FOR TOURISM IN PADANG CITY AND BUKITTINGGI CITY
This research examines how decentralization policy in Indonesia shapes public administration strategies in tourism destination development across two major cities in West Sumatera: Padang City and Bukittinggi City, which possess distinct geographical characteristics, governmental structures, and fiscal capacities. Through a comparative literature study finds that Padang City adopts a coastal modernization strategy oriented toward infrastructure and MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions), whereas Bukittinggi City develops a heritage conservation and community based governance approach. Decentralizations demonstrates a characteristics of asymmetrical governance, where fiscal capacity and geographical context significantly determine the local government’s ability to formulate tourism strategies. This study contributes to the theory of destination governance and decentralizations by ooffering the perspective that regional autonomy does not automatically enhance policy effectiveness: rather, it must be supported by institutional capacity, collaboration, and policy fit with the unique characteristics of the tourist destination.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diga Putri Oktaviane, Harapan Tua https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
COMPARISON OF REGIONAL BUDGET TRANSPARENCY BETWEEN PEKANBARU CITY AND BENGKALIS REGENCY
This study aims to explore and analyze the comparative level of regional budget transparency between Pekanbaru City and Bengkalis Regency based on the availability of budget documents, financial reports, and public information accessibility through official local government websites. The data used are official documents published by the Regional Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKAD), the Regional Public Information Agency (PPID), the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), and local government websites. The literature review indicates that both regions have implemented transparency principles, but Bengkalis has more comprehensive documents available on the PPID portal, while Pekanbaru demonstrates consistent publication of its Regional Government Accountability Report (LKPD) and annual budget documents. This research provides input for local governments to improve the quality of fiscal information disclosure.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurmasari, Harapan Tua https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTHER'S CHARACTERISTICS AND FAMILY INCOME WITH THE INCIDENT OF STUNTING IN CHILDREN IN PESISIR SELATAN REGENCY
Stunting remains a major public health issue in Pesisir Selatan Regency, where the prevalence reached 29.8% in 2023, affecting children’s physical growth and cognitive development. This study aimed to analyze the association between maternal characteristics (parity, maternal age during pregnancy, age at marriage, birth spacing, education level, occupation, and exclusive breastfeeding) and family income with stunting among children under five. A cross-sectional design was employed involving 30 mothers of young children selected from the working area of Kayu Gadang Public Health Center. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and anthropometric measurements, and analyzed using the Chi-Square test.The results showed that 66.7% of the children were stunted. Maternal characteristics—including parity, maternal age during pregnancy, age at marriage, birth spacing, educational level, and occupation—were not significantly associated with stunting (p>0.05). Significant associations were found between exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.019) and family income (p=0.026) with stunting. Children from families earning below the regional minimum wage and those not exclusively breastfed were more likely to be stunted.In conclusion, exclusive breastfeeding and family income are significant predictors of stunting. Therefore, interventions should emphasize improving exclusive breastfeeding practices and strengthening economic support for at-risk families. These findings are expected to guide evidence-based stunting prevention strategies in Pesisir Selatan Regency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Nelly Syofiah, Gina Muthia, Eka Putri Primasari, Alwiyah Rahmi, Lulu Shabina Suyitno, Safira Sucia Nurjanah, Savira Salsabila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE VALIDITY OF LANGUAGE USE IN THE EXAMINATION MINUTES (BAP) OF SUSPECTS AT THE GOWA POLICE CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION UNIT (FORENSIC LINGUISTIC STUDY)
This study aims to analyze the validity of the use of language in the Investigation Report (BAP) of the Suspect in the Gowa Police Criminal Investigation Unit through a forensic linguistic study. The focus of the research is directed at four linguistic aspects, namely diction, syntax, coherence, and ambiguity, which have the potential to affect the accuracy, clarity, and consistency of information in BAP documents. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving five Suspect BAP documents as primary data analyzed through qualitative content analysis techniques using the interactive model Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The results of the study show that the use of diction in some BAPs does not fully reflect the suspect's literal statements, but is a narrative construction of the investigator that has the potential to cause meaning bias. In the syntax aspect, it was found that the sentence structure was long, ineffective, and layered so that it gave rise to the blurring of the subject of action and the flow of information. The aspect of coherence also shows irregularities in the organization of the chronology which results in the flow of events becoming illogical and making it difficult to understand the sequence of events. Meanwhile, referential and semantic ambiguity is found in a number of parts of the BAP, especially related to the use of unclear pronouns that open up the possibility of double interpretation. These findings indicate that the linguistic aspect plays a crucial role in the validity of BAP as a legal document. Linguistic inaccuracy has the potential to affect the interpretation of law enforcement officials and have an impact on the fulfillment of suspects' rights. This study emphasizes the need to improve language competence for investigators and the application of forensic linguistic principles in the preparation of investigation documents.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Sartika, Andi Sukri Syamsuri, Andi Paida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
INDONESIAN TEACHER TEACHING STRATEGY IN LEARNING SPEAKING SKILLS OF MA MUHAMMADIYAH PALLEKO STUDENTS OF TAKALAR REGENCY
This study aims to describe the teaching strategy of Indonesian teachers in learning speaking skills of MA Muhammadiyah Palleko students in Takalar Regency. The focus of the research is directed at the types of strategies used by teachers, their application in learning activities, and factors that affect the effectiveness of learning speaking skills. The research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data is collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study showed that teachers used several learning strategies, namely communicative strategies, group discussions, presentations, questions and answers, and role plays. The strategy is applied to increase students' speaking courage, ability to convey ideas, and their involvement in the learning process. However, the effectiveness of the strategy is still influenced by several obstacles, such as low student confidence, limited learning media, and suboptimal feedback by teachers. This study concludes that the teaching strategy of Indonesian teachers has been able to support the improvement of students' speaking skills, but still requires continuous innovation, especially in media development, strengthening motivation, and providing opportunities for wider speaking practice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andi Dewi, A Rahman Rahim, Muhammad Akhir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
CRIMINAL LAW CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED CRIME PREVENTION IN INDONESIA
The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has serious implications for the criminal justice system in Indonesia. The emergence of new forms of crime such as cyber laundering, deepfakes, and digital data manipulation raises questions about who should be held accountable. This study aims to examine the main challenges in applying criminal law to AI-based entities and offer normative and practical solutions to ensure legal certainty. By using a normative juridical approach and a literature review of Indonesian positive legal regulations and doctrines, this study is expected to contribute to the formation of a ius constituendum that is adaptive to the digital era. The results of the study demonstrate the urgency of reforming national criminal law to accommodate the legal status and responsibilities of AI in the Indonesian justice system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tri Suyud Nusanto, Aloysius Wisnubroto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF PRINCIPAL LEADERSHIP AND INTERNAL COMMUNICATION ON TEACHER PERFORMANCE AT SMK NEGERI 1 MAJALENGKA
The background of this research is based on the need to improve the quality of education and the demand for teacher professionalism in facing the dynamic challenges of school management. At SMK Negeri 1 Majalengka, the effectiveness of the principal’s leadership and the quality of internal communication are considered two important factors that may play a strategic role in enhancing teacher performance. These conditions highlight the need for empirical analysis to determine the extent to which these two aspects contribute to the achievement of teacher performance. This study aims to examine the description of principal leadership, internal communication, and teacher performance at SMK Negeri 1 Majalengka, as well as to analyze the influence of principal leadership on teacher performance, the influence of internal communication on teacher performance, and the influence of both variables on teacher performance. Thus, this research not only describes the actual conditions but also tests the relationships between the variables under study. The research employed descriptive and correlational methods. The study population consisted of all 141 teachers at SMK Negeri 1 Majalengka. The sample was determined using the Slovin formula, resulting in 104 respondents selected through proportional sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire that had undergone validity and reliability testing. Data analysis was carried out to determine the strength of the relationships between variables and to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate that principal leadership falls into the very competent category, internal communication is carried out high effectively, and teacher performance is categorized as very high. Correlational analysis findings show that principal leadership (X₁) has a significant influence on teacher performance, and internal communication (X₂) also has a significant influence on teacher performance. Simultaneously, both independent variables have a meaningful effect on improving teacher performance at SMK Negeri 1 Majalengka. The implications of this study show that improving teacher performance can be achieved through strengthening principal leadership and implementing effective internal communication. Therefore, schools are advised to continuously build open and collaborative communication patterns and optimize leadership roles in providing direction, support, and exemplary behavior for teachers.
Copyright (c) 2026 M Oktarifan Agung Nugroho, Dian Indiyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
PRINCIPAL'S POLICY AND LEADERSHIP IN IMPLEMENTING THE INDEPENDENT LEARNING CURRICULUM IN BANJARBARU PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
Yeni Rahmawati 2209050014. Principal Policy and Leadership in Implementing the Independent Learning Curriculum in Banjarbaru State Elementary Schools Dr. Didi Susanto and Dr. Muhammad Yuliansyah. Policy and Leadership The principal has the ability to lead all school resources. SDN 1 Sungai Besar Banjarbaru and SDN 1 Sungai Ulin Banjarbaru found several problems that were almost the same in the two schools, namely: Limited resources, including teacher competency, use of IT, funds, budget allocation and facilities. Principal Policy and Leadership has a very big role in dealing with various problems in implementing the independent learning curriculum. This research aims to: 1) Identify the Principal's Policy and Leadership in Implementing the Independent Learning Curriculum at SDN 1 Sungai Besar and SDN 1 Sungai Ulin Banjarbaru, 2) Analyze the results of the Principal's Policy and Leadership in Implementing the Independent Learning Curriculum at SDN 1 Sungai Besar and SDN 1 Sungai Ulin Banjarbaru, and 3) Analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors for the Principal's Policy and Leadership in Implementing the Independent Learning Curriculum. This research is a qualitative descriptive research using the main instrument of interviews. The data sources in this research are school principals and teachers at SDN 1 Sungai Besar Banjarbaru and SDN 1 Sungai Ulin Banjarbaru. Data analysis uses the Miles and Huberman concept, namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that: 1) How the Principal's Policy and Leadership in implementing the independent learning curriculum includes: Vision and Mission in Implementing the Independent Learning Curriculum, Policies that support the independent learning curriculum, Leadership periodic collaboration in decision making of the Independent Curriculum 2) Implementation Results by measuring the results of implementation With this policy and leadership, school principals can assess the success and effectiveness of the implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum and make the necessary adjustments to achieve better results in the future. The principal can evaluate the impact of the implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum policy and make the necessary adjustments to ensure that all school members get maximum benefits from the implementation of the curriculum. 3) Supporting Factors for the policy and the principal's leadership. The principal's strong and visionary leadership can motivate and direct the entire school community in implementing the independent learning curriculum, Inhibiting Factors Leadership that is less consistent or less committed and budget limitations can hinder the ability to provide facilities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yeni Rahmawati, Didi Susanto, Muhammad Yuliansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
LEGAL DISCOVERY BY JUDGES IN ADDRESSING THE AMBIGUITY OF “DEALER” AND “USER” ELEMENTS IN ARTICLES 114, 112, AND 127 OF THE NARCOTICS LAW
The ambiguity of the elements “dealer” and “user” in Articles 114, 112, and 127 of Law Number 35 of 2009 on Narcotics creates legal uncertainty in the practice of criminal justice. These three provisions often overlap in law enforcement, particularly when investigators and public prosecutors apply more severe charges without comprehensively examining the legal construction of the defendant’s actions, including the social and situational context behind them. This study is a normative legal research that examines the doctrine of judicial legal discovery, principles of criminal law, and the principle of proportionality in sentencing in a more in-depth and structured manner. The results of the study indicate that judges have the authority to interpret the elements of narcotics criminal acts systematically, grammatically, and teleologically to clearly distinguish between “abusive users” and “dealers with the intent to distribute.” Legal discovery is needed to prevent overcriminalization and to ensure the protection of the rights of suspects and defendants throughout the entire criminal justice process. This study concludes that the appropriate method of interpretation is an integration of systematic interpretation, teleological interpretation, and the ratio legis of the Narcotics Law.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irwan Triadi, Dhikma Heradika, Abelmart Sihombing, Bayu Giri Atmojo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
IMPROVING ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL DISTRESS USING THE SPRINGATE SCORE METHOD AT PT PERTAMINA PATRA NIAGA PERIOD 2019–2023
This study aims to analyze the financial distress condition of PT Pertamina Patra Niaga during 2019–2023 using the Springate Score (S-Score) model. Financial distress is a critical stage preceding potential bankruptcy, commonly detected through declining liquidity, profitability, and operational capability. This study employed a quantitative descriptive approach using secondary data sourced from audited financial statements. The Springate model, consisting of four key ratios (working capital to total assets, EBIT to total assets, EBT to current liabilities, and sales to total assets), was applied to evaluate the company’s financial stability. The results show fluctuating financial performance. PT Pertamina Patra Niaga was categorized as financially healthy (safe zone) in 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2023, but experienced financial distress in 2022 due to severe liquidity pressure and increased short-term liabilities. The overall average S-Score of 0.9453 places the company in the grey area, indicating potential vulnerability to financial instability. The findings highlight the importance of improving liquidity management, strengthening working capital, and increasing operational efficiency to prevent future distress. Distress dengan Metode Springate Score pada PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Periode 2019–2023
Copyright (c) 2026 Salmi Qauly K. Pakaya, Sahmin Noholo, Muliyani Mahmud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY IN THE DYNAMICS OF CRIMINAL LAW INTERPRETATION: A NORMATIVE STUDY ON THE LIMITS OF JUDICIAL AUTHORITY
The principle of legality is a fundamental concept in the Indonesian criminal justice system, ensuring legal certainty and the protection of human rights from arbitrary criminal punishment. However, the rapid development of modern crimes often leads to legal gaps or vague norms that require judges to conduct judicial law-finding (rechtsvinding) when resolving criminal cases. This research aims to analyze the position of the principle of legality as a legal limit to judicial authority and examine how far judicial law-finding can be carried out without violating the essential principles of criminal law. This study employs a normative legal research method with a statute approach, conceptual approach, case approach, and historical approach. The results demonstrate that the principle of legality plays a crucial role in restricting judicial interpretation to prevent the creation of new offenses that may harm defendants and to ensure punishment can only be imposed based on pre-existing laws. Nonetheless, judicial law-finding remains necessary to address contemporary crimes that are not yet regulated under statutory law. Therefore, a proportional balance between legal certainty and substantive justice is required so that the principle of legality and judicial law-finding can work synergistically within Indonesia’s criminal justice system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irwan Triadi, Dhikma Heradika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A STUDY OF MSME TAXPAYERS’ BEHAVIOR IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SELF-ASSESSMENT SYSTEM IN GORONTALO CITY
This study aims to examine the behavior of micro-enterprise taxpayers in the implementation of the Self-Assessment System in Gorontalo City. The method used is descriptive qualitative with five informants. The results show that taxpayers’ behavior in calculating, paying, and reporting taxes is still not optimal due to low tax understanding and limited tax outreach provided by the authorities
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Hayani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF MARKETING MIX AND SERVICE QUALITY ON REPURCHASE INTENTION WITH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE AT SINGHASARI RESORT – EAST JAVA
This study aims to analyze the influence of the marketing mix, service quality, and customer satisfaction on repurchase intention at Singhasari Resort. The research employs a quantitative approach using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The sample consists of guests who had stayed at least once at Singhasari Resort during the period of January 2024 to November 2025. The findings indicate that (1) the marketing mix has a significant effect on customer satisfaction and repurchase intention, (2) service quality significantly influences customer satisfaction and repurchase intention, although it represents the weakest predictor, (3) customer satisfaction significantly affects repurchase intention, and (4) customer satisfaction mediates the relationship between the marketing mix and service quality on repurchase intention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aprelia Rizki Prastika, Putu Nina Madiawati, Mahir Pradana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
FROM COLLABORATION TO RESILIENCE: MODELING THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM MANAGEMENT IN COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM SYSTEMS
This study aims to analyze the influence of multi-stakeholder collaboration on the resilience of tourism activities and to examine the mediating role of sustainable tourism management within a community-based tourism village context. A quantitative explanatory research design was employed, using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The research was conducted in Nglanggeran Tourism Village, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, with data collection carried out in 2025. A total of 90 respondents were selected through purposive sampling based on their active involvement in village tourism activities. The three main constructs, namely multi-stakeholder collaboration, sustainable tourism management, and tourism activity resilience, were measured using a 5-point Likert scale instrument. PLS-SEM analysis was employed to evaluate the measurement and structural models, encompassing assessments of validity, reliability, R², Q², and hypothesis testing via bootstrapping. Findings indicate that multi-stakeholder collaboration has a positive and significant effect on both sustainable tourism management and tourism activity resilience. Sustainable tourism management also shows a positive and considerable influence on tourism activity resilience. Furthermore, a partial mediation effect was identified, wherein sustainable tourism management strengthens the impact of multi-stakeholder collaboration on the strength of tourism activities. Structured and inclusive multi-stakeholder collaboration, when integrated with sustainable tourism management practices, enhances the resilience of tourism activities in community-based destinations. These results underscore the crucial importance of collaborative governance and sustainable management practices in fostering destination sustainability and resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lenny Kurnia Octaviani, Sugiarto, Tonny Hendratono, D. Rudi Susanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
SELF-MANAGEMENT AND WORK READINESS AMONG BACHELOR’S DEGREE FRESH GRADUATES
A graduate is generally expected to possess stronger competencies than a non-graduate, particularly at the undergraduate level, where higher education should foster greater competitiveness and work readiness to meet industry standards. However, many fresh graduates report feeling unprepared to enter the workforce, and employers frequently perceive them as lacking essential readiness for work. This study aims to examine the relationship between self-management and work readiness among fresh graduates of undergraduate programs. The proposed hypothesis states that there is a positive relationship between self-management and work readiness. The study involved 120 fresh graduate participants. Research data were collected using the Work Readiness Scale (reliability coefficient = 0.883) and the Self-Management Scale (reliability coefficient = 0.900). Data analysis was conducted using the Product Moment correlation technique. The results show a correlation coefficient of r = 0.846 with p = 0.000 (p < 0.050), indicating a significant positive relationship between self-management and work readiness among fresh graduate undergraduate students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Narastri insan utami, Siti Yuliany https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE APPLICATION OF WORD OF MOUTH (WOM), SERVICE QUALITY, AND BRAND IMAGE ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY WITH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE AT AS SYIFAA PHARMACY IN MAJALENGKA
This study investigates how Word of Mouth, service quality, and brand image influence B2B customer loyalty at As-Syifaa Pharmacy in Majalengka, with customer satisfaction acting as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach was applied using the SEM-PLS method, drawing on data from 300 purposively selected customers. The analysis included measurement of validity and reliability, followed by structural model testing to identify both direct and indirect relationships among variables. The findings reveal that Word of Mouth, service quality, and brand image each play a meaningful role in enhancing customer satisfaction, which in turn becomes the strongest predictor of customer loyalty. Satisfaction was also found to mediate the effects of the three antecedent variables, either fully or partially, highlighting its central role in shaping long-term business relationships. These results indicate that building B2B customer loyalty requires more than consistent operational performance; it also depends on maintaining a credible brand reputation and fostering positive relational communication within the business network. Based on these insights, the study recommends strengthening service standards, reinforcing brand consistency, and managing interpersonal communication to support sustainable loyalty among B2B partners.
Copyright (c) 2026 Robi Latansa, Putu Nina Madiawati, Mahir Pradana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE COMPANY'S FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE BEFORE AND AFTER THE CONSUMER BOYCOTT CAMPAIGN (CASE STUDY OF PT. MAPB TBK) PERIOD 2022 – 2024
This study aims to analyze the differences in the financial performance of PT MAP Boga Adiperkasa Tbk (MAPB) before and after the consumer boycott campaign in the 2022–2024 period. The boycott campaign triggered by global geopolitical issues has an impact on the decline of the company's social legitimacy, thus affecting profitability and financial stability. The research method uses a descriptive quantitative approach through the analysis of annual financial statements processed using profitability ratios. The results show a significant downward trend in the entire profitability ratio from 2022 to 2024. In 2022, the entire ratio was in a positive condition, but declined sharply in 2023 and turned negative in 2024; NPM from 4.26% to −4.53%, ROA from 5.67% to −4.93%, ROE from 12.45% to −9.45%, and ROI from 8.37% to −4.87%. These findings indicate that boycott campaigns have a significant effect on declining profitability and show the loss of corporate social legitimacy in the eyes of the public according to the perspective of legitimacy theory.
Copyright (c) 2026 Victorson Taruh, Nurharyati Panigoro, Sisna Meamogu, Yusuf Abdul Wahid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
INTEGRATING LEARNING THEORIES, TEACHING METHODS, AND EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT ACROSS LANGUAGE, MATHEMATICS, AND LEGAL AWARENESS IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
Elementary education requires coherent integration of learning theories, subject-specific teaching methods, and sound assessment practices to support students’ holistic development. This study aims to examine the implementation of learning theories and instructional methods across multiple subject areas, including basic legal awareness, listening skills in language learning, mathematics learning methodology, elementary school mathematics, educational assessment, and educational evaluation. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach and was conducted at SD Negeri No. 101390 Batang Pane-I, Desa Batang Pane-I. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with teachers, and documentation analysis. The findings indicate that student-centered and contextual teaching methods grounded in constructivist learning theory enhance student engagement and conceptual understanding across subjects. Moreover, formative assessment and reflective evaluation practices play a crucial role in improving instructional quality and learning outcomes. The study highlights the importance of integrating pedagogical theory, subject methodology, and assessment as a unified framework for effective elementary education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Akhirur Rhomadon Matondang, Riswan Saleh, Hamka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
STRENGTHENING STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC COMPETENCE THROUGH EXPERIENCE-BASED LEARNING ACROSS VARIOUS COURSES AT IAI PADANG LAWAS
Higher education is required to integrate theoretical mastery with contextual experience to produce academically and professionally competent graduates. This study aims to analyze the implementation of experience-based learning across several courses at the Institute of Islamic Studies (IAI) Padang Lawas, including Learning Theories and Instructional Methods, the Indonesian Legal System, Listening Skills in Language Learning, Mathematics Learning Methodology, Elementary School Mathematics, Educational Assessment, and Educational Evaluation. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that experience-based learning consistently enhances students’ conceptual understanding, analytical ability, and reflective skills across disciplines. These results confirm the relevance of contextual learning approaches in strengthening students’ academic competence in higher education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Royhana Hsb, Jekson Hasibuan, Neni Mika Triana, Hamka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EXISTENCE OF CIVIC EDUCATION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE–BASED LEARNING MEDIA IN SUPPORTING ELEMENTARY STUDENTS’ SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Elementary education plays a strategic role in shaping students’ character, civic attitudes, and social-emotional development. Civic Education is a fundamental subject for instilling democratic values, responsibility, and social awareness from an early age. Meanwhile, the advancement of digital technology, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI)–based learning media, offers new opportunities to improve the quality of learning in elementary schools. This study aims to analyze the existence of Civic Education and the use of AI-based learning media in supporting students’ social-emotional development. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach and was conducted at SD Negeri 0722 PTPN IV Lubuk Bunut. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that Civic Education plays a significant role in fostering students’ social attitudes, empathy, and responsibility, while AI-based learning media enhance students’ learning motivation and engagement when implemented appropriately and in accordance with developmental stages. The integration of Civic Education, AI-based media, and developmental psychology perspectives contributes positively to students’ social-emotional development in elementary education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurleli Hairani Harahap, Seri Gustini, Hamka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ LEARNING DIFFICULTIES FROM PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS, LEARNING STRATEGIES, AND LEARNING MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES AT ISLAMIC HIGHER EDUCATION
Learning difficulties among higher education students remain a critical issue, particularly in Islamic higher education institutions that integrate academic, moral, and spiritual dimensions. This study aims to analyze students’ learning difficulties from three main perspectives: psychological factors, learning strategies, and learning management at the Institute of Islamic Studies (Institut Agama Islam) Padang Lawas. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, involving observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. The participants consisted of undergraduate students and lecturers selected through purposive sampling. The findings reveal that students’ learning difficulties are strongly influenced by psychological factors such as low learning motivation, academic anxiety, limited self-confidence, and weak self-regulated learning skills. In addition, the dominance of conventional teaching strategies and limited student-centered learning practices contribute to low engagement and conceptual understanding. From a learning management perspective, constraints related to instructional planning, classroom organization, and evaluation systems further exacerbate students’ learning difficulties. This study highlights the importance of integrating psychologically informed instructional strategies and effective learning management to enhance students’ academic performance in Islamic higher education contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lenni Marlina Hasibuan, Ismail Harahap, Andi Soloon Harahap, Hamka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ENHANCING ELEMENTARY STUDENTS’ READING LITERACY THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED LEARNING MEDIA
This study aims to investigate the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based learning media to enhance reading literacy among elementary school students. Using a descriptive qualitative approach through case study and literature analysis, the research was conducted at SDN No. 100311 Palsabolas, involving teachers and students who utilized adaptive reading applications, text-to-speech tools, and intelligent learning platforms. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, and validated by triangulation techniques. The findings reveal that AI-assisted media significantly improve students’ reading motivation, comprehension, and fluency. Quantitative comparison between pretest and posttest results showed notable progress, with the average literacy score increasing by 16–27 points across different indicators. Students demonstrated greater engagement and independence, while teachers benefited from automated performance analytics and personalized feedback tools. However, challenges emerged related to device limitations, technical competence, and overreliance on automated features. The study concludes that AI-based learning media serve not only as technological tools but also as pedagogical instruments that personalize instruction, foster digital literacy, and transform reading classrooms into more adaptive, interactive, and student-centered environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anri Ahmadi Harahap, Abrizal Hasibuan, Anita Adinda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
FIGHTING CLASSROOM BOREDOM: INNOVATIVE ACTIVE LEARNING MODELS TO ADDRESS STUDENT MOTIVATION CHALLENGES IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS A LITERATURE STUDY WITH CASE SIMULATIONS AT A PRIMARY SCHOOL IN NABIRE
Boredom in the learning process at elementary schools (SD) is a significant factor in declining student motivation and academic achievement. In regions with unique geographical and cultural characteristics, such as Papua, this challenge is often exacerbated by the limitations of conventional learning media and teaching methods, which tend to be monotonous. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of active learning model innovation as a strategic solution to increase elementary school students' learning motivation. The research method used is library research by analyzing literature from the last 10 years and integrating observational case studies from an elementary school in Nabire, Papua. The results show that the implementation of Game-Based Learning and Outdoor Collaborative Learning models can significantly reduce student boredom levels. The case in Papua shows that the use of local wisdom (ethno-pedagogy) as part of active learning increases student engagement by up to 50%. Analysis of literature data confirms that physical and emotional involvement in learning strengthens memory retention and intrinsic interest. The conclusion of this research affirms that teachers must transform from information providers to creative facilitators to create a dynamic classroom ecosystem. The proposed solutions include diversifying activity-based methods and adapting environment-based curricula to ensure the sustainability of children's learning motivation at the elementary education level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Desi Handayani Duapadang, Lusia Narsia Amsad, Yan Dirk Wabiser, Bryan Tumeno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
DEVELOPMENT OF DEEP LEARNING LEARNING APPROACH IN IMPROVING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS AND MASTERY OF LANGUAGE CONCEPTS IN GRADE IV STUDENTS OF SDN 16 BANGKALA
This research aims to develop Indonesian learning tools based on the Deep Learning approach to improve critical thinking skills and mastery of language concepts of elementary school students. The research was carried out at SDN 16 Bangkala, Jeneponto Regency, in the odd semester of the 2025/2026 school year with 25 subjects in grade IV. The development model used is the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The validation results of three experts showed that the teaching modules developed were classified as very valid with an average feasibility level of 89%. The implementation of learning using Deep Learning syntax (Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate) shows an increase in student activity and involvement in the learning process. Based on the results of the data analysis, the average value of critical thinking skills increased from 61.2 to 83.6 with an N-Gain of 0.58 (medium-high category), while the mastery of language concepts increased from 63.4 to 86.8 with an N-Gain of 0.63 (high category). The results of the t-test showed p < 0.05 which means that there was a significant increase after the implementation of Deep Learning-based learning. Thus, it can be concluded that the Indonesian teaching module based on the Deep Learning approach is effective in improving students' critical thinking skills and mastery of language concepts. This approach is able to create learning that is aware, meaningful, and fun, and in line with the principles of the Independent Curriculum which emphasizes differentiated and student-centered learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Basrawati basra, Munirah, Haslinda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF MULTIMODALITY ELEMENTS IN THE FILM "MY ANNOYING BROTHER" BY DINNA JASANTI USING A DIGITAL DISTRIBUTION APPROACH
This study examines the multimodality elements in the film My Annoying Brother by Dinna Jasanti using a digital distribution approach to understand how visual, auditory, and verbal elements interact to form narrative meaning. The purpose of this study is to identify the influence of digital distribution on the audience experience and how multimodal elements are delivered through digital platforms. Using a descriptive qualitative analysis method, data were collected through direct observation of the film and analysis of the elements that make up the film. The results show that the film utilizes visual elements such as image composition and color, auditory elements such as music and sound effects, and in-depth dialogue to develop characters and narratives. In addition, digital distribution through streaming platforms gives the audience greater control over the viewing experience, allowing them to engage more deeply with the film. This study provides new insights into the influence of digital distribution on how multimodal elements are received by the audience, as well as its contribution to the study of multimodality in film.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hasna Shofiyah, Wawan Hendrawan, Any Budiarti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF CONTENT MARKETING, OMNICHANNEL MARKETING, AND ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH ON PURCHASE DECISIONS THROUGH BRAND AWARENESS IN THE BCA ‘DON’T KNOW KASIH NO.’ ADVERTISEMENT
Digital transformation has reshaped the marketing communication paradigm of the banking industry in Indonesia, encouraging financial institutions to adopt creative strategies to reach digital consumers. This study aims to analyze the influence of content marketing, omnichannel marketing, and electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on purchase decisions through brand awareness in BCA’s public service advertisement “Don’t Know Kasih No!”. This banking security education campaign successfully garnered more than 100 million views through its unique storytelling approach, engaging audiovisual elements, and relevant humor, making it an interesting phenomenon to be examined scientifically. This research employs a descriptive quantitative method using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) approach. The research population consists of Indonesian individuals aged 17–40 years (Generation Z and Millennials) who are BCA customers and have been exposed to the “Don’t Know Kasih No.!” advertisement. The sample size was determined using Cochran’s formula, resulting in a minimum of 100 respondents, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using an online questionnaire developed based on a five-point Likert scale containing 47 statement items. Data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 4.0 to evaluate validity, reliability, and structural hypothesis testing.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syahdan Muhamad Rezky, Putu Nina Madiawati, Mahir Pradana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
DEVELOPMENT OF DISCOVERY LEARNING LEARNING MODEL WITH THINK, TALK, WRITE STRATEGY IN IMPROVING NARRATIVE TEXT WRITING SKILLS OF GRADE V STUDENTS AT UPT SDN 16 BANGKALA, JENEPONTO REGENCY
This research aims to develop a Discovery Learning learning model with the Think, Talk, Write (TTW) strategy to improve the application of narrative text writing learning in grade V students at UPT SDN 16 Bangkala, Jeneponto Regency. This research uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach by adapting a 4D development model which includes the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The research instruments consisted of expert validation sheets, observations, teacher and student practicality questionnaires, and writing ability tests. The results of expert validation showed that the developed learning model was in the very feasible category, with a feasibility score of 92%. The practicality test also showed high results, namely 91% of teachers and 89% of students, which indicates that this learning model is easy to understand, easy to apply, and encourages active involvement of students in the learning process. Descriptively, the results of the pre-test and post-test illustrate a change in students' ability to write narrative texts, from an initial average score of 62.50 to 82.30 after the application of the developed learning model. Thus, this study concludes that the Discovery Learning learning model with the Think, Talk, Write strategy is feasible, practical, and has the potential to support the improvement of the writing skills of elementary school students. This model is recommended to be implemented more widely in Indonesian language learning, especially in narrative writing skills, and can be used as a reference for the development of literacy learning at the elementary education level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mufliha Khaeratih, Munirah, Rosmini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
POPULATION DYNAMICS AND THE CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
This study aims to analyze population dynamics and the challenges of sustainable development in Indonesia from a social, economic, and environmental perspective. Population dynamics, including population growth, urbanization, internal migration, and changes in demographic structure, have become determining factors in the success of development. The method used is a qualitative approach with a literature review sourced from official documents, scientific journals, and reports from international institutions. The results show that rapid population growth and uncontrolled urbanization have led to spatial inequality, reduced green open space, pressure on public infrastructure, and increased environmental degradation. Furthermore, unpreparedness in spatial planning and weak integration of population data into development policies exacerbate socio-economic imbalances between regions. The shift in demographic structure toward a predominance of the productive age group presents the opportunity for a demographic bonus, but also the risk of a demographic burden if not balanced by improvements in the quality of human resources. This study emphasizes that successful sustainable development requires data-driven, gender-equitable, environmentally friendly, and participatory population policies. The integration of technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis is a strategic step in realizing inclusive, adaptive, and sustainable development for future generations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andi Jalal Al Afgan, Supriadi Torro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ACCOUNTANTS' READINESS IN IMPLEMENTING SAK-EP: A CASE STUDY OF THE PONUWA COOPERATIVE AT GORONTALO STATE UNIVERSITY
This study examines the readiness of accountants in implementing the Financial Accounting Standards for Private Entities (SAK EP) at the Ponuwa Cooperative of Gorontalo State University using a descriptive qualitative approach through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results show that the cooperative is administratively ready to prepare financial statements in the form of Business Income (PHU), capital change reports, and balance sheets in accordance with the SAK EP, which is mandatory under Permenkop UKM No. 2 of 2024. Accountants have accounting competencies and practical experience, supported by local IT systems and Excel, as well as internal supervision from supervisory bodies and university facilities. The main obstacles include uncollectible receivables due to double borrowing by members and a tax system based on the previous year's PHU. Overall, the implementation of SAK EP has effectively improved the transparency and accountability of small savings and loan cooperative financial management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cintya Azhari Rauf, Denis D. Naru, Riby Tri Hamdoko, Mohammad Agung Tuki, Gufran Djalali, Adi R. Manggi, Sahmin Noholo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN ADDRESSING THE IMPACT OF INFLATION AND INTEREST RATES ON GOLD PRICES AT THE SUNGUMINASA BRANCH OF THE PAWNSHOP IN GOWA REGENCY
This study aims to analyze the role of local government in responding to the influence of inflation and interest rates on gold prices at the Pegadaian Sungguminasa Branch, Gowa Regency. The data used in this research were obtained from the period 2021 to 2023. The study employs a descriptive quantitative method with a case study approach at Pegadaian Sungguminasa Branch. Data were collected through documentation and interviews with relevant parties, including local government officials and Pegadaian management. The results show that fluctuations in inflation and interest rates have a significant effect on changes in gold prices. The local government plays an important role in maintaining economic stability through inflation control policies, improving financial literacy among the community, and collaborating with financial institutions such as Pegadaian to provide safe and productive investment access for the public. This research is expected to serve as a reference for local governments in formulating adaptive economic policies in response to macroeconomic dynamics, particularly those related to gold prices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurjayanti, Eka Fitra Ramadhani, Yudhi Andrew Pratama Lumoindon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
DETERMINANTS OF UNMET NEED AMONG COUPLES OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN RW 07, KARUNRUNG VILLAGE, RAPPOCINI DISTRICT, MAKASSAR CITY
Unmet need refers to couples of reproductive age who wish to delay pregnancy or no longer desire children but are not using any contraceptive method. This study aimed to identify the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and husband’s support with the incidence of unmet need among couples of reproductive age in RW 07, Karunrung Village, Rappocini District, Makassar City. The research was conducted from August to September 2022 using a purposive sampling technique with a total of 110 respondents. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Chi-Square test with SPSS version 26, and the findings were presented in distribution tables with descriptive explanations. The results showed significant associations between knowledge (p = 0.026), attitudes (p = 0.000), and husband’s support (p = 0.000) with the incidence of unmet need among couples of reproductive age. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening health education efforts and increasing husband involvement to reduce unmet need among couples of reproductive age.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tri Ogesti, Rahmawati Azis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
GOVERNANCE FAILURE AS A TRIGGER OF FRAUD IN INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF PT ASABRI
This study aims to analyze how governance failure became a trigger for fraud in investment management at PT ASABRI. The research employs a literature study approach. The results indicate that fraud at PT ASABRI was driven by the weak implementation of corporate governance principles, particularly in terms of transparency, accountability, and independence. In addition, violations of the prudential principle and weak internal controls led to investment decisions being made without adequate risk considerations and opened opportunities for collusion between internal and external parties of the company. The findings of this study emphasize that fraud is a direct consequence of governance system failure rather than merely the actions of individuals. Therefore, this study recommends the need for comprehensive governance reform through strengthening risk management, enhancing the transparency of investment reporting, and implementing independent oversight mechanisms to prevent similar cases in the future.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fitri Nurhayati M, Tiara Abdurahman, Sahmin Noholo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
STRENGTHENING CHARACTER THROUGH THE 7 HABITS OF GREAT INDONESIAN CHILDREN.
Character building is a key focus of elementary education, aimed at developing students with noble character, independence, and responsibility. One approach is to implement the 7 Habits of Great Indonesian Children, encompassing religiousness, discipline, honesty, responsibility, caring, hard work, and love for the homeland. This study aims to analyze the role and implementation of the 7 Habits of Great Indonesian Children in strengthening the character of elementary school students. The method used was a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that consistent and integrated implementation of the 7 Habits of Great Indonesian Children in learning activities, daily routines, and school culture can improve students' attitudes of discipline, responsibility, honesty, social awareness, and religiosity. Furthermore, teacher involvement and support from the school environment are crucial factors in the success of character building. Therefore, the 7 Habits of Great Indonesian Children can be an effective strategy for building positive character in students sustainably.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irma Suriani, Ismainun Lubis, Hotnida, Hamka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
DIGITAL ETHICS IN SOCIAL MEDIA TO MAINTAIN AND STRENGTHEN THE NATION'S SOCIO-CULTURAL VALUES
Social interaction that occurs on social media serves not only as a means of social interaction but also as a primary platform for information dissemination and public opinion formation. However, the ease of access and interactivity of social media also pose serious challenges regarding the application of digital ethics. Freedom in social media is not limitless freedom. Digital ethics involves principles and norms that govern user behavior in creating, producing, and distributing content with full responsibility. The 2020 Digital Civility Index (DCI) report regarding changes in community behavior in social media usage and forms of communication interaction places Indonesia at the lowest rank in the civility index. Incivility in social media conduct by the community results in significant vulnerability and threats of division, unrest, and conflict within society. Digital ethics involves principles and norms that govern user behavior in creating, producing, and distributing content with full responsibility. Ethics and morals have an attachment to one another. Keywords: Digital Ethics, social media, values, socio-cultural
Copyright (c) 2026 Tantri Relatami, Dela Anjelawati, Dwi Kartikawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH ANDA RELIGIOSITY ON PURCHSE INTENTION: THE MODERATING ROLE OF BRAND HATE AMONG STARBUCKS CONSUMERS IN INDONESIA
The emergence of consumer boycotts driven by socio-political issues reflects a fundamental shift in consumer behavior in the digital era. In Indonesia, a country characterized by high religiosity and extensive social media engagement, the rapid dissemination of negative information through electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) can trigger strong emotional reactions toward brands. Starbucks Indonesia represents a salient case in which the brand became associated with the Israel–Palestine conflict, generating moral debates, religious sentiments, and intense brand-related hostility in digital spaces. In this context, consumers act not merely as rational economic actors, but as moral agents whose purchasing decisions are influenced by deeply held values and beliefs. This study aims to examine the effects of e-WOM and religiosity on purchase intention, with brand hate serving as a moderating variable among Starbucks consumers in Indonesia. Specifically, the research investigates how exposure to negative online narratives and consumers’ religiosity shape emotional responses in the form of brand hate, and how these responses influence purchasing intentions within a boycott context. A quantitative research design was employed using a survey method targeting Starbucks consumers in Indonesia who were aware of the boycott related to the Israel–Palestine conflict. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using structural equation modeling to assess both direct and indirect relationships among variables, including the moderating role of brand hate. This approach enables a comprehensive understanding of the psychological and behavioral mechanisms underlying consumer responses to value-laden and morally sensitive issues. The findings reveal that electronic word of mouth has a significant effect on purchase intention. Religiosity also influences purchase intention, both directly and indirectly through the formation of brand hate. Moreover, brand hate significantly moderates the relationship between e-WOM and purchase intention, such that higher levels of brand hate intensify the decline in consumers’ willingness to purchase. These results highlight the critical role of morally driven negative emotions in explaining reduced purchase intention during boycott movements. This study contributes theoretically by extending consumer behavior literature through the integration of digital communication, religiosity, and negative brand emotions within a single conceptual framework. Practically, the findings suggest that global brand managers should adopt culturally and religiously sensitive communication strategies and proactively manage digital narratives to mitigate the escalation of brand hate amid socio-political controversies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shilmy Diyani, Putu Nina Madiawati, Nurafni Rubiyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
TIKTOK AS A MEDIA ECOLOGY FOR PMO PREVENTION EDUCATION: A STUDY ON THE @NOFAPS.ID ACCOUNT
Increasing exposure to digital content related to sexual behavior has heightened the need for education on preventing Pornography, Masturbation, and Orgasm (PMO) on platforms popular among adolescents, such as TikTok. This study aims to explain how the TikTok account @nofaps.id functions as an educational platform for PMO prevention through the lens of Media Ecology theory. A qualitative approach was employed, including in-depth interviews with the account administrator and several followers, alongside observations of PMO educational content. Findings indicate that TikTok provides a digital environment facilitating the gradual development of knowledge, awareness, and behavioral change. This occurs through short-form content, engaging visuals, and interactive features, which strengthen users’ motivation, self-control, and cognitive processes throughout PMO prevention stages. Additionally, interactions between the admin and followers via comments and consultative services create a social support space that reinforces experiential learning. The study concludes that Media Ecology theory is effective in understanding how TikTok shapes an educational ecosystem around sensitive issues such as PMO addiction. Limitations include the small number of informants and focus on a single account; future research should examine multiple platforms and adopt more diverse methodologies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Newton Dilan Salman Haqillah, Dwi Kartikawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
BÎ’AH LUGHAWIYYAH AS A HIDDEN CURRICULUM AND ITS INFLUENCE ON STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILLS IN PESANTREN AR-RAUDLATUL HASANAH
Arabic language learning in pesantren is not conducted solely through the formal curriculum but also through habituation processes that are internalized in the students’ daily lives. Bī’ah lughawiyyah functions as a language environment that serves as a hidden curriculum at Pesantren Ar-Raudlatul Hasanah, namely an implicit curriculum that shapes language competence in a natural and sustainable manner. This study aims to analyze the role of bī’ah lughawiyyah as a hidden curriculum and its influence on the improvement of students’ speaking ability (mahārat al-kalām). This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. The research participants consist of students, Arabic language instructors, and pesantren administrators. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of language-related activities. The data were analyzed thematically through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, with data validity strengthened through source and method triangulation. The findings indicate that bī’ah lughawiyyah functions as a hidden curriculum through Arabic language policies, the exemplary practices of instructors, the habituation of communication in daily pesantren life, and non-formal social reinforcement. These practices contribute positively to the enhancement of students’ kalām ability, particularly in terms of speaking confidence, fluency, and spontaneity in oral communication. The findings confirm that bī’ah lughawiyyah as a hidden curriculum plays a strategic role in Arabic language acquisition. Therefore, optimizing the language environment should be positioned as an integral component of Arabic language curriculum development in pesantren.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yunus, Bahtiar Siregar, Siti Arfah Daely, Zikriya Husna Aulia Putri; Faisal Hamid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN DEVELOPING TEACHERS’ CHARACTER: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION TEACHERS AT SMP NEGERI 2 PADANGSIDIMPUAN
This study investigates the implementation of Islamic Education in fostering the character development of Islamic Education (PAI) teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Padangsidimpuan, Indonesia. Using a qualitative field study approach, data were collected through observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis involving PAI teachers as primary participants. The findings indicate that Islamic Education contributes significantly to strengthening teachers’ religious discipline, moral integrity, sincerity, and professional ethics. Character development is reinforced through religious habituation, exemplary conduct, and institutional support. This study offers empirical insights into the role of Islamic Education in shaping teachers’ character and contributes to the broader discourse on teacher moral development in Islamic educational contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Afridah Nasution, Ahmad Subur, Zainal Efendi Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE RELEVANCE OF IBNU MISKAWAIH'S THOUGHTS ON CHARACTER EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL MEDIA
The purpose of this research is to examine how Ibn Miskawayh’s thoughts on moral education influence the management of moral challenges in the current social media era. Various ethical issues such as cyberbullying, the spread of hoaxes, and the lack of politeness in communication have emerged alongside the increase in digital platform usage, indicating a decline in digital morals. This study is a qualitative research using the library research method. The primary data are drawn from Ibn Miskawayh’s seminal work, Tahdhib al-Akhlaq, which is analyzed using content analysis and descriptive-philosophical methods. The results show that Ibn Miskawayh’s concept of moral education remains relevant as a foundation for digital ethics through three main pillars: first, the concept of al-wasat (moderation) which trains social media users to be wise and proportional in consuming information; second, the strengthening of cognitive power (al-quwwah al-nathiqah) to filter negative content; and third, the formation of character based on internal self-control to achieve justice (‘adalah) when interacting in virtual public spaces. The conclusion of this research confirms that Ibn Miskawayh’s thoughts provide a curative and preventive framework for building a more civilized and ethical digital ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bahtiar Siregar, Fajar Rahman, Elsa Padia, Ulil Amri, Kiki Hardini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
AL-‘AWĀMIL AL-NAḤWIYYAH: THEORY, DEBATES, AND MODERN CRITIQUES OF THE CONCEPT OF 'AMIL ( العامل والمعمول)
The study of al-ʿawāmil al-naḥwiyyah (grammatical factors) serves as a primary foundation in Arabic grammar, examining the relationship between the ʿāmil (governing agent) and the maʿmūl (governed element) as the mechanism determining iʿrāb (inflection) within Arabic sentence structures. This article aims to comprehensively analyze the classical theory of the ʿāmil concept as formulated by early grammarians—notably al-Jurjānī in Al-ʿAwāmil al-Mi’ah—and examine the debates emerging between the Basra and Kufa schools regarding the source and authority of the ʿāmil. Utilizing a qualitative-descriptive analytical approach toward primary and secondary literature, this research explores the epistemological arguments underlying the construction of the ʿāmil theory and assesses its relevance to modern critiques in Arabic linguistics. The findings indicate that the ʿāmil concept is not merely a grammatical instrument but also possesses philosophical value in explaining the order and rationality of the Arabic language. However, modern critiques—particularly from structural and generative linguistic perspectives—question the metaphysical assumptions of the ʿāmil concept, which are deemed non-empirical. Nonetheless, the theory of ʿāmil maintains methodological significance in understanding Arabic syntactic relationships and the development of contemporary grammatical theories. This article emphasizes the necessity of a conceptual reinterpretation of al-ʿawāmil al-naḥwiyyah to remain relevant within modern linguistic paradigms without losing its classical essence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marsyanti, Sri Mulya Nengsih, Hamzah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
NURSES' KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS PATIENT SAFETY GOALS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE PRIVATE HOSPITAL OF INDONESIA : A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Abstract Patient safety incidents remain a critical healthcare problem in Indonesia, particularly within hospital settings. Patient safety goals are an essential priority for healthcare providers, especially nurses, who serve as the frontline workforce delivering continuous care. Optimal implementation of patient safety goals requires adequate knowledge, supportive attitudes, and strong professional performance from nurses. Effective adherence to these goals plays a key role in preventing adverse events that may harm or endanger patients. This study aimed to examine the relationship between nurses’ knowledge and attitudes with the implementation of Patient Safety Goals in a private hospital in West Sumatra, Indonesia. A descriptive quantitative method with a cross-sectional design was used. A total of 35 nurses were selected through total sampling. Data were collected using validated questionnaires (KPSQ, APSQ, IPSG I–VI). Statistical analysis employed the Chi-Square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results showed that more than half of the nurses demonstrated good knowledge (51.4%), positive attitudes (57.1%), and good implementation of patient safety goals (54.3%). Chi-Square analysis revealed significant associations between knowledge and patient safety goal implementation (p=0.044<0.05), as well as between attitudes and patient safety goal implementation (p=0.012). The study concludes that nurses’ knowledge and attitudes are significantly related to the implementation of patient safety goals. Continuous training and regular dissemination regarding patient safety standards are recommended to strengthen nurses’ adherence to SOPs and to enhance the overall patient safety culture within the hospital. Keywords : Knowledge; Attitudes; Patient Safety Goals; Nurses; Hospital
Copyright (c) 2026 Tiara Amelia, Bustami, Conny Oktizulvia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION OF PERIOPERATIVE PAIN MANAGEMENT FOR MR. A WITH APPENDICITIS AT UPT RSUD LABUANG BAJI MAKASSAR
Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the appendix that requires prompt surgical intervention and comprehensive perioperative nursing care to prevent complications. This study aims to describe the application of perioperative pain management in a patient with appendicitis at UPT RSUD Labuang Baji Makassar. A descriptive case study design is employed using a perioperative nursing care approach covering preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases. The subject is a 44-year-old male patient diagnosed with appendicitis who undergoes appendectomy. Data are collected through interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation, with pain assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale. Nursing interventions focus on non-pharmacological pain management, including deep breathing relaxation in the preoperative phase and Benson relaxation therapy in the postoperative phase. The results show a decrease in pain intensity and anxiety before surgery, effective control of intraoperative bleeding, and gradual reduction of postoperative pain accompanied by improved tissue integrity and patient knowledge. This case study demonstrates that appropriate non-pharmacological nursing interventions effectively support perioperative pain management and enhance patient recovery in appendicitis cases.
Copyright (c) 2026 Risnawati, Tutik Agustini, Nur Wahyuni Munir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY ON THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL ATTITUDE AND ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS ON BUSINESS SUSTAAINAABILITY ( A STUDY OF MSMEs IN GORONTALO CITY)
This study aims to examine the effect of financial attitude and accounting information systems on business sustainability, with financial literacy as a mediating variable, among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Gorontalo City. This research adopts a quantitative approach using a causal survey design. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 100 MSME owners in Gorontalo City and analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4. The results indicate that financial attitude has a positive and significant effect on business sustainability. Meanwhile, accounting information systems do not have a significant direct effect on business sustainability. Furthermore, financial literacy is not able to mediate the relationship between financial attitude and business sustainability. However, financial literacy significantly mediates the relationship between accounting information systems and business sustainability. These findings suggest that business sustainability among MSMEs is strongly influenced by internal financial behavior and competencies. Financial literacy plays a crucial role in transforming accounting information into meaningful managerial decisions that support long-term business sustainability. This study contributes to the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory by highlighting financial literacy as a strategic intangible resource for MSMEs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lutfiah Wanda Hiola, Tri Handayani Amaliah, Usman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF COMPANY SIZE, DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, AND RETURN ON EQUITY RATIO ON DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO IN FOOD AND BEVERAGE COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE FROM 2019 TO 2024
This study aims to analyze the effect of company size, Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Return on Equity (ROE) on the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) of food and beverage manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2019-2024. This research adopts a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis processed using SPSS. The sample of the study consists of 18 companies that meet the purposive sampling criteria. The results show that company size has a positive and significant effect on the Dividend Payout Ratio. However, Debt to Equity Ratio and Return on Equity do not have a significant effect on Dividend Payout Ratio, either partially or simultaneously. These findings suggest that other factors, beyond company size, play a more significant role in influencing dividend policies in the food and beverage manufacturing sector in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Azzahra Talitha Noer Nanlohy, Niswatin, Yustina Hiola https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPER EXPERIENCE IN THE KPR APPLICATION PROCESS THROUGH THE BTN PROPERTY FOR DEVELOPER APPLICATION AT THE BTN MANADO BRANCH
This study analyzes the use of the BTN Properti for Developer application in the Home Ownership Credit (KPR) application process at Bank BTN Manado Branch using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and User Experience (UX) approaches. The study used a descriptive qualitative method through in-depth interviews with four developer users of the application. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the BTN Properti for Developer application is generally well received by developers because it is considered easy to use, has a clear application flow, and is able to improve the efficiency of time, costs, and energy through a digital process. However, several obstacles were still found, such as limited document upload size, navigation that is not fully intuitive, and delays in status updates outside of operating hours. Support from BTN was considered quite responsive through training and direct communication, although improvements in the communication features in the application are needed. Based on the TAM analysis, application acceptance is influenced by perceptions of usefulness and ease of use, while from a UX perspective the application shows good usability and usefulness quality, but still requires development in the aspects of interactivity and accessibility. This study concludes that the BTN Properti for Developer application plays an important role in supporting the digital transformation of mortgage applications, with a note that continuous development is needed to optimize services and be user-oriented.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erlangga Kurnia Pratama Moha, Indrie Debbie Palendeng, Ferdinand J Tumewu, Magdalena Wullur, Merlyn Mourah Karuntu, Shinta Jeanete Camelia Wangke https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE IMPACT OF WORK–LIFE BALANCE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Work-Life Balance is an individual’s ability to maintain equilibrium between work demands and personal life. An imbalance between these aspects can lead to stress, fatigue, and decreased motivation, which negatively affect employee performance. Based on a systematic review of 10 selected journals from a total of 135 reviewed studies, it was found that Work-Life Balance has a positive influence on employee performance. Most studies show that employees who can maintain a good balance between work and personal life tend to have higher job satisfaction, stronger organizational commitment, and increased productivity. Work-Life Balance also helps reduce stress and improve focus at work. Therefore, maintaining a balance between work and personal life is an essential factor in enhancing employee performance and overall well-being.
Copyright (c) 2026 Oedi Niesya Bella Ragazza, Erik Irmansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT SCHEDULING USING CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CPM) AND PROJECT EVALUATION AND REVIEW TECHNIQUE (PERT) IN THE HOUSE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT IN THE MALIMIMPLEMENTATION OF PROBUKAN PERMAI III HOUSING AREAS IN NORTH MINAHASA REGENCY
Previous studies have shown that the Critical Path Method (CPM) and the Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) are effective in optimizing project completion time. Based on observations, the construction of a single housing unit typically requires 64 working days. This study aims to obtain an optimal scheduling result by applying CPM and PERT to the construction project of a subsidized house type-36 in Perumahan Malimbukan Permai III, North Minahasa Regency. The analysis results indicate that the project’s critical path consists of A – B – C – D – E – F – H – K – L – M – N – P – Q. Using the CPM method, the required completion time is 55 days, while the PERT method yields an estimated 55.68 days. With a deadline of 60 days, the probability of completing the project is 99.94%. This study highlights the importance of monitoring the critical path and utilizing time estimation in project planning to prevent delays and unforeseen obstacles.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nuraini Retnaningrum Sukamta, Jacky S B Sumarauw, Merlyn Mourah Karuntu, Magdalena Wullur, Ferdinand J Temewu, Shinta Jeanete Camelia Wangke https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF PERCEIVED USEFULNESS AND PERCEIVED EASE OF USE IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL BEHAVIORAL BIASES AND BITCOIN INVESTMENT DECISIONS AMONG GENERATION Z USERS OF TOKOCRYPTO AND INDODAX
This study aims to analyze the role of perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) in mediating the relationship between financial behavioral biases—namely financial literacy (FL), overconfidence (OC), and risk tolerance (RT)—and Bitcoin investment decisions among Generation Z in Indonesia, using the Tokocrypto and Indodax platforms. Employing a quantitative approach with a survey of 360 active Generation Z investors, data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The findings indicate that financial literacy, risk tolerance, PU, and PEOU have a direct positive and significant effect on Bitcoin investment decisions. Overconfidence, however, showed no significant direct effect. Furthermore, PU and PEOU partially mediated the relationships between financial literacy and investment decisions, as well as between risk tolerance and investment decisions. Notably, PEOU emerged as the strongest mediating pathway, particularly for risk tolerance. Conversely, neither PU nor PEOU mediated the relationship between overconfidence and investment decisions. This research contributes theoretically by integrating Behavioral Finance theory with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in the context of high-risk digital assets. Practically, it offers insights for platform developers to enhance user experience and design targeted financial education, and for regulators to formulate behaviorally-informed investor protection policies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Silvi Amisha Putri, Budi Rustandi Kartawinata, Agus Maolana Hidayat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING DISCLOSURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF BANKING COMPANIES
This study aims to examine the effect of environmental accounting disclosure and environmental performance on the financial performance of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2019–2023. This research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from annual reports and sustainability reports. The sample consists of eight banking companies selected through purposive sampling. Financial performance is measured using Return on Assets (ROA), environmental performance is measured using the Sustainable Banking Assessment (SUSBA) index, and environmental accounting disclosure is measured using the Environmental Disclosure Index (EDI). The data are analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis after passing classical assumption tests. The results indicate that environmental accounting disclosure has a positive and significant effect on financial performance. In addition, environmental performance also has a positive and significant effect on financial performance. These findings suggest that transparent environmental disclosure and the implementation of sustainable banking practices contribute to improved financial performance. Therefore, banking companies are encouraged to enhance environmental accounting disclosure and strengthen environmental performance as part of their sustainability strategy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Friska R. Mile, Mahdalena, Ronald S. Badu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF TRUST AND RISK ON THE USE OF QRIS WITH FRAUD ISSUES AS A MODERATING VARIABLE IN BANDUNG
The development of digital payment systems has driven the increasing use of the Indonesian Standard Quick Response Code (QRIS) as a practical and integrated cashless transaction method. Although QRIS adoption continues to increase, its continued use is still influenced by trust, perceived risk, and the prevalence of fraud in digital transactions. This study aims to analyze the influence of trust and risk on QRIS use, with fraud as a moderating variable, in the city of Bandung. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey of 200 QRIS user respondents. The data analysis technique used was Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results showed that trust had a positive and significant effect on QRIS use, while risk had a negative and significant effect. Furthermore, fraud moderated the relationship between trust and QRIS use by weakening the influence of trust, and moderated the relationship between risk and QRIS use by strengthening the influence of risk. These findings confirm that although QRIS offers convenience and efficiency, perceptions of risk and fraud remain crucial factors influencing usage behavior. This research is expected to provide theoretical contributions to the development of digital payment technology adoption models and provide practical implications for regulators, payment service providers, and MSMEs in strengthening security, improving digital literacy, and building user trust in the QRIS payment system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indah Kusprasetya, Budi Rustandi Kartawinata, Aldi Akbar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
DETECTION OF FINANCIAL TARGET, FINANCE STABILITY AND EXTERNAL PRESSURE FACTORS ON FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL REPORTING WITH MARKET CAPITALIZATION AS A MODERATOR VARIABLE IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES
This study aims to analyze the effect of Financial Target, Financial Stability, and External Pressure on Financial Statement Fraud, with Market Capitalization as a moderating variable, in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2017–2019. The research employs a quantitative approach using panel data regression analysis with the Common Effect Model (CEM) and the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) technique. The data were obtained from the financial statements of manufacturing companies that met the sampling criteria over a three-year observation period. The results indicate that Financial Target (ROA) has a positive and significant effect on financial statement fraud. Financial Stability (INVSAL and CATA) also shows a significant effect but in different directions: INVSAL increases, while CATA decreases the likelihood of fraudulent financial reporting. External Pressure (FREEC) has a negative and significant effect on financial statement fraud. The moderating variable, Market Capitalization, was found to strengthen the effect of CATA and weaken the effect of INVSAL on financial statement fraud. The R² value of 17.52% indicates that the research model explains a moderate portion of the variation in financial statement fraud among manufacturing firms in Indonesia. These findings support Agency Theory and the Fraud Triangle Theory, suggesting that financial pressure, stability, and external conditions play a crucial role in influencing the occurrence of financial statement fraud.
Copyright (c) 2026 Monika Yovita, Budi Rustandi Kartawinata, Aldi Akbar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PRODUCTS TOWARDS PURCHASE INTENTION OF TANIMBAR IKAT WOVEN GREEN PRODUCTS
This study examines consumer behavior towards sustainable products, specifically investigating the influence of environmental attitudes and green product attributes on green purchase intention among Tanimbar Ikat Weaving consumers in Tanimbar Islands Regency. Employing a quantitative approach with Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) analysis through SmartPLS software, data were collected from 385 respondents selected via purposive sampling based on consumers who knew and had purchased Tanimbar woven products. The research tested direct relationships and moderating effects of premium price, education, and gender variables. Results revealed that environmental attitudes (β = 0.349; t = 5.306; p = 0.000) and green product attributes (β = 0.207; t = 3.014; p = 0.003) significantly and positively influence green purchase intention, with the model explaining 60.7% of the variance (R² = 0.607) and demonstrating strong predictive relevance (Q² = 0.539). However, the three moderating variables—premium price, education, and gender—did not significantly strengthen or weaken these relationships, indicating that environmental consciousness and product perception remain dominant factors regardless of demographic or economic considerations. These findings provide practical implications for traditional craft entrepreneurs in developing sustainability-based marketing strategies and empowering the local creative economy, while contributing to the sustainable development goals through cultural preservation and environmental conservation in Indonesia's eastern region.
Copyright (c) 2026 Matrona Patricia Malindir, Arry Widodo, Mahir Pradana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
MODIFICATION OF TYRE MACHINE SYSTEM WITH MITSUBISHI PLC AUTOMATIC FOOT LENGTH GAUGE
One of the steps in the tyre manufacturing process is the Tyre Building Machine. The tread is the last component to be fitted to the tyre carcass after all other components have been installed. When measuring the length of the pre-adjusted tread, errors or variations often occur in the measurements taken by the measuring device due to its lack of accuracy. This prevents operators from using the tyre tread and can result in a large amount of scrap and wasted time during the tyre manufacturing process. To overcome this problem, a redesigned tread length measurement system with a higher level of accuracy was created to minimise tread length fluctuations during tyre manufacturing. The results of the tread length measurement procedure using the ENC-1-1-24-N type rotary encoder can function according to the program created. This is validated by the tread length measurement data. The results of the HMI display design and the software created can operate according to the desired instructions. To change the tread length, the operator only needs to enter the number on the HMI panel.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hayadi Hamuda, Taufik Iqbal Miftaks, Lailatun Adzimah, Encik Yoega Renaldi, Muhammad Riza Syahputra, Novia Permata Atmadja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
DEVELOPMENT OF A DEEP LEARNING-BASED CHARACTER BULDING AFFIRMATION MODEL IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE LEARNING IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
This study aims to develop a character building affirmation learning model based on a deep learning approach in the context of Indonesian language learning at the Junior High School (SMP) level. This approach emphasizes strengthening conceptual understanding and internalization of character values ​​through reflective, collaborative, and meaningful learning activities. The study used the Design and Development Research (DDR) method with a 4D development model: Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The research subjects consisted of grade VIII students and Indonesian language teachers at SMP. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, documentation, expert validation, and questionnaires to students and teachers. The validation results by three experts—character education, educational technology, and Indonesian language teachers—showed that this model is very valid, with an average score of 90% in the content, construct, and technology aspects. A limited trial conducted on 30 grade VIII students showed that 87% of students felt that this model made it easier for them to understand character values ​​in depth. In addition, teachers considered this model practical, interactive, and able to increase students' active involvement in the learning process. These findings indicate that the affirmation character building model based on deep learning is not only effective in building attitude competencies and understanding of values, but is also relevant to be applied in Indonesian language learning. This model has the potential to be an innovative approach in technology-based character education that supports pedagogical transformation at the junior high school level
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Agus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
READING LITERACY STRATEGIES IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE LEARNING FOR GRADE 10 STUDENTS OF STATE HIGH SCHOOL 13 JENEPONTO REGENCY
This study aims to describe the implementation of reading literacy strategies in Indonesian learning and identify supporting and inhibiting factors for its application in grade X students of SMA Negeri 13 Jeneponto Regency. The research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. The research subjects consisted of class X Indonesian teachers and class X students who were selected purposively. Data were collected through observation techniques, semi-structured interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana interactive analysis model which included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The validity of the data was tested through triangulation of sources and techniques. The results of the study showed that the reading literacy strategy was implemented through reading activities 15 minutes before learning, the use of diverse and contextual texts, discussions on reading comprehension, and reflective assignments. The implementation of this strategy encourages increased student participation, the ability to understand the content of reading, and a positive attitude towards reading activities. Supporting factors for the implementation of the reading literacy strategy include teacher commitment, support for school literacy programs, and the availability of reading materials, while inhibiting factors include the low interest in reading of some students, limited learning time, and the influence of gadget use that has not been optimally controlled. This study concludes that reading literacy strategies have an important role in supporting Indonesian learning and need to be implemented sustainably with the support of various parties.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suhardi suhardi, A Rahman Rahim, Syahruddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING AND BRAND IMAGE TO PURCHASE INTENTION THROUGH BOYCOTT PARTICIPATION AS MODERATION VARIABLE ON ROSE ALL DAY COSMETICS’s BRAND
This study examines the influence of social media marketing and brand image on purchase intention, with consumer boycott participation incorporated as a moderating variable, using Rosé All Day Cosmetics as the empirical context. Grounded in the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) framework, a quantitative approach was employed by collecting survey data from 385 consumers in Jabodetabek and Bandung City areas, which were analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results reveal that both social media marketing and brand image have positive and significant effects on purchase intention. However, boycott participation does not moderate the relationship between social media marketing and purchase intention, while it exerts a significant negative moderating effect on the relationship between brand image and purchase intention. These findings suggest that although digital marketing and brand image remain key drivers of consumer purchase intention, moral and social considerations reflected in boycott participation can weaken the effectiveness of brand image in influencing consumer decisions. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the contextual role of consumer boycotting in shaping marketing effectiveness within the digital beauty industry in emerging markets.
Copyright (c) 2026 Clarisa Salsabila, Putu Nina Madiawati, Rd. Nurafni Rubiyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
STRENGTHENING CHARACTER EDUCATION THROUGH SCOUTING AND EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES
Character education is a crucial aspect in shaping students' personalities to be faithful, virtuous, independent, and responsible. One effective strategy for strengthening character education is through scouting and extracurricular activities implemented in schools. This study aims to describe the role of scouting and extracurricular activities in strengthening students' character values and to identify their implementation and impact on students' attitudes and behavior. The research method used was a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that scouting and extracurricular activities are able to instill the values of discipline, cooperation, leadership, responsibility, independence, and social awareness in a contextual and sustainable manner. The process of habituation, the role model of the instructor, and direct experience in the activities are key factors in the success of strengthening students' character. Therefore, scouting and extracurricular activities have a strategic contribution in supporting character education strengthening programs in schools and need to be managed systematically and integrated with learning activities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Jarnawi Lubis, Jamaluddin, Hamka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
FORMULATING BUSINESS STRATEGY AND PROFITABILITY TO INCREASE COMPANY VALUE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
This study aims to analyze the influence of business strategy and profitability on firm value, with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a mediating variable at Bank BPD DIY. This study uses a quantitative causality approach with a confirmatory nature, testing the extent to which the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Stakeholder Theory are confirmed in the context of the regional banking industry. Primary data were collected through a 1–5 Likert-scale questionnaire from all BPD DIY managers (census method, 163 respondents) who met the criteria of managerial position, minimum three years of service, and involvement in strategic policy. Data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with the assistance of SmartPLS. This involved testing the outer model (convergent validity, discriminant validity, reliability) and inner model (path coefficient, R², f², Q²) to assess the direct and indirect effects between variables. The variables studied included business strategy, profitability, CSR, and firm value, operationalized across several dimensions, including future orientation, operational efficiency, the social and environmental dimensions of CSR, and market value and corporate reputation. The instrument was independently developed based on theoretical synthesis (David & David, Houston, Teodorescu Ionescu, Carroll, and others), then validated through expert judgment before being tested for validity and reliability on pilot respondents. The results showed that business strategy had a positive effect on CSR and firm value, while profitability had a positive effect on CSR and firm value, aligning with the view that slack resources and a prospector strategy encourage stronger CSR activities and improved market perception. CSR was shown to have a positive effect on firm value and acted as a mediating variable in the relationships between business strategy and firm value and profitability and firm value. Thus, CSR implementation strengthens the transmission of the influence of strategy and financial performance on increasing firm value. These findings confirm that the integration of a sustainability-oriented business strategy, strong profitability performance, and consistent CSR implementation is a crucial combination for enhancing firm value in the regional banking sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erlita, Arry Widodo, Putu Nina Madiawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
AL-IDHAFAH, AL-NA’AT, AND AL-TAUKID: STRUCTURAL RELATIONS BETWEEN ELEMENTS IN ARABIC SYNTAX
This research aims to explain the structural relations between al-idhāfah, al-naʿt, and al-tawkīd in Arabic syntax and to delineate how their interaction influences meaning formation and functional distribution within the nominal phrase. This study is conducted because previous research has tended to discuss these three elements separately, resulting in a lack of an integrated analytical model that describes the hierarchical and semantic relationships between them. The study employs a qualitative-descriptive approach, analyzing data drawn from classical nahwu texts, modern Arabic corpora, and relevant contemporary research. Data were classified based on the patterns of element occurrence and analyzed through structural syntactic analysis methods to identify their functions, positions, and i‘rāb (inflectional) implications. The results indicate that idhāfah serves as a marker of possessive relations and semantic restriction, naʿt functions to provide descriptive modification that clarifies the referent, and tawkīd reinforces the reference both structurally and semantically. These three form dependency patterns that influence each other when present within a single phrasal construction. The novelty of this research lies in the formulation of an integrative relational model that combines syntactic functions, hierarchical structures, and semantic implications into a single operational analytical framework. This model provides a more comprehensive understanding compared to previous fragmentary studies. These findings have important implications for the teaching of nahwu, the analysis of modern Arabic discourse, and the development of computational linguistic applications that require more accurate mapping of nominal structures.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sulfadli, Muslimin Resi, Hamzah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE CONCEPT OF TA’DIB IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION AS A SOLUTION TO THE DIGITAL ETHICS CRISIS AMONG STUDENTS: THE PERSPECTIVE OF SYED MUHAMMAD NAQUIB AL-ATTAS
The increasingly pervasive development of digital technology has not been fully accompanied by the strengthening of ethical awareness in its practical use. This situation is reflected in various phenomena among students, including the tendency toward excessive use of social media, the declining quality of ethics in online communication, and the weakening of mutual respect in digital spaces. These conditions indicate that digital ethics cannot be understood merely as a technological problem but are closely related to the direction of values and the fundamental goals of education. Departing from this reality, this study aims to examine the concept of ta’dib in the thought of Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas as an alternative conceptual framework for responding to the digital ethics crisis from the perspective of Islamic education. This study employs a qualitative approach through library research by critically examining al-Attas’s major works as well as national and international scholarly journal articles from the past five years relevant to digital ethics and Islamic education. The findings reveal that the weakening of digital ethics is rooted in an educational paradigm that tends to emphasize cognitive aspects and technical skill mastery, while the formation of adab as the core of education is neglected. Within this framework, the concept of ta’dib offers a holistic philosophical foundation by positioning education as a process of internalizing adab that integrates intellectual, moral, and spiritual dimensions in an integral manner. Therefore, this study concludes that the application of the concept of ta’dib has the potential to serve as a strategic foundation for building sustainable, value-oriented digital ethics among students that are relevant to the challenges of Islamic education in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suyono, Diky Ardha Sundawa, Rizaldi Isnanta, Jailani, Bahtiar Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
IMPROVING MANAGERIAL BEHAVIOR UNDERSTANDING THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BEHAVIORAL ACCOUNTING IN MSMES: A CASE STUDY ON GINZA BUSSINESS
Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in the economy, yet they still face numerous challenges in managerial behavior and financial management. One relevant approach to addressing these issues is the application off behavioral accounting which emphasizes the relationship between accounting information and decision-making behavior. This community service activity aims to improve the understanding of the behavior of MSMEs in Ginza. The method used included an initil survey, managerial behavior training, a behavior accounting, workshop,and mentoring on simple financial record keeping. The results indicate and increased understanding of MSMEs regarding the importance of financial record keeping, cost control, and the division of responsibilities in business management. The application off behavior accounting has a positive impact on changing manajerial behavior and increasing business accountability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rita J D Atarwaman, Syantal Mustamu, Claudya Ifentri, Jumiati Lahadasi, Johan Daud Banawi, Zuleyka Tahera Marasabessy, Pieter Rumawatine https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE IMPACT OF FIELD STUDY ACTIVITIES ON TEACHING MODULE DEVELOPMENT AND TEACHER COMPETENCE
Field study activities are an important part of experiential learning in teacher education. This study aims to examine the impact of field study activities on teaching module development and teacher competence. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach involving graduate students and teachers participating in field study programs. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis of teaching modules. The findings indicate that field study activities positively influence the development of contextual teaching modules and enhance teachers’ pedagogical, professional, and social competences. The study concludes that field study activities support continuous professional development and improve instructional practices. These findings provide practical implications for teacher education programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Fatimah Hasibuan, Rosti Malini Gultom, Zainal Efendi Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
CLASSICAL NAHWU SCIENCE: THE THEORY OF I'RAB, 'AMIL, AND A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE BASRAH AND KUFA MODELS
This research discusses the concepts of i’rab and ‘amil in Arabic grammar and examines the methodological differences between the Basra and Kufa schools as the two primary streams in the construction of nahwu (syntax). I’rab is understood as the changes in the vowels at the end of words influenced by the presence of an ‘amil (governor) and the word's position within the sentence structure, thus playing a vital role in preserving meaning and syntactic order in the Arabic language. This study employs a qualitative approach with a library research method, tracing primary sources from the works of classical scholars and secondary sources from modern studies. Data analysis was conducted using content and comparative analysis methods to identify the epistemological characteristics of both schools. The results of the study show that the Basra school is prescriptive, rational, and selective regarding linguistic sources, whereas the Kufa school is more descriptive, flexible, and open to various speech patterns, including those considered syadz (irregular). These differing approaches impact how both schools understand and formulate the rules of i’rab and ‘amil. This study concludes that both schools provided distinct yet complementary contributions to the development of Arabic nahwu, where Basra played a role in theoretical standardization and Kufa contributed to the preservation of linguistic reality. These findings emphasize that the understanding of i’rab is not only related to grammatical aspects but is also supported by historical and epistemological perspectives within the scientific tradition of the Arabic language.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erni Nurjaya, Ahmad Dani, Hamzah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE ROLE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN STRENGTHENING ORGANIZATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT: A Systematic Literature Review
The increasing complexity and uncertainty of the organizational environment demands a management system capable of anticipating various risks in a structured manner. Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is a comprehensive approach to managing organizational risk, but its implementation often fails to run optimally without the support of strong corporate governance. This study aims to examine the role of corporate governance in strengthening organizational risk management through a systematic literature review. The research method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of relevant national and international journals. The results of the study indicate that corporate governance plays a strategic role in ensuring the effectiveness of ERM implementation through oversight mechanisms, clarity of responsibilities, and the integration of risk into strategic decision-making. This study provides a conceptual contribution by presenting a synthesis of the literature on the relationship between governance and risk management as a basis for developing more transparent and accountable organizational practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fardhan M Nur Poloalo, Fityan Halid, Sahmin Noholo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE ATTITUDES TOWARDS INDONESIAN LANGUAGE IN GRADE VIII STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI 3 SUNGGUMINASA
This study aims to analyze the language attitudes of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 3 Sungguminasa and its influence on the use of Indonesian language in learning, especially listening and reading skills. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data was obtained from Indonesian teachers, homeroom teachers, and students as the main informants. The results of the study show that students' language attitudes vary, ranging from very positive to less appreciative of the use of Indonesian. Students with a positive attitude are more active in using Indonesian in learning and have better listening and reading skills. On the other hand, students with negative attitudes tend to be passive, less confident, and more dominant in using regional languages in daily communication. Environmental factors, material relevance, teaching methods, and learning experiences greatly influence the formation of students' language attitudes. This study confirms that language attitudes are an important factor in the success of Indonesian language learning. These findings are expected to be the basis for teachers and schools to design learning strategies that are more communicative, contextual, and able to foster students' positive attitudes towards the Indonesian language
Copyright (c) 2026 Sudirman, Andi Sukri Syamsuri, Abdil Munir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL LITERACY, FINANCIAL LITERACY, GENDER, AND FEAR OF MISSING OUT (FOMO) ON STOCK INVESTMENT DECISIONS WITH INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE AMONG GENERATIONS Y AND Z IN WEST JAVA
The This study is based on the phenomenon of increasing investment losses and FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) in Indonesia, with illegal investment losses amounting to IDR 139 trillion and FOMO among young people rising to 80% by 2024. This trend aligns with the growing number of investors and digital literacy in Indonesia, particularly in Java, which has the highest concentration of investors. The large population of Generations Y and Z in West Java serves as the subject of this research, highlighting the gap between financial literacy (56.10%) and financial inclusion (88.31%). This reinforces the urgency of this study. Information disclosure is considered crucial in reducing information asymmetry and managing risk in investment decision-making. The main objective of this study is to examine the direct and indirect effects of digital literacy, financial literacy, gender, and FOMO on stock investment decisions, as well as to test the role of information disclosure. A quantitative approach is used, with a questionnaire distributed to 443 respondents from Generations Y and Z in West Java, all of whom have investment experience in stocks. The purposive sampling technique was used, and data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to test model validity, reliability, and relationships between variables. The results show that digital literacy, financial literacy, gender, and FOMO significantly affect stock investment decisions. Information disclosure mediates the relationship between financial literacy, gender, and FOMO on investment decisions but does not mediate the relationship between digital literacy and investment decisions. Furthermore, information disclosure positively influences stock investment decisions, emphasizing the importance of transparency. This study contributes to the development of a theoretical model that highlights the role of market discipline through information disclosure. Practically, the findings can guide OJK and companies in designing digital-financial literacy programs and improving information transparency to prevent investment fraud and increase investor confidence. The study suggests that investors should enhance their understanding of investment risks and critically assess available information. Limitations include the focus on Generations Y and Z in West Java using purposive sampling, and the exclusion of other factors like education. The self-report quantitative method may lead to bias, and cross-sectional data does not capture changes in investment behavior over time. Future research is recommended to expand the demographic sample, include additional variables, and use a mixed-method approach for more comprehensive results.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zukhruf Ramadhani, A. Mukti Soma, Brady Rikumahu, Dwi Fitrizal Salim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
RECONSTRUCTING SOCIAL PIETY: OVERCOMING THE HYPER-INDEPENDENCE OF GENERATION Z PERSPECTIVE OF AL-QUR'AN SURAH AL-MA'UN
This research aims to deconstruct the phenomenon of hyper-independence that massively affects Generation Z within the contemporary digital ecosystem. As digital natives, Generation Z often falls into the trap of extreme self-reliance, which is regarded as a personal achievement but sociologically triggers the disintegration of social capital and societal atomization. The primary issue raised is how technological independence paradoxically creates emotional distance and social apathy toward real-world suffering. Utilizing a qualitative method based on library research and a Social Interpretation (al-tafsir al-ijtima’i) approach, this study positions Surah Al-Ma’un as a theological framework to address this solidarity crisis. The analysis is conducted by creating a dialogue between the Quranic text and digital sociological theories regarding social ties and atomization. The results show that Surah Al-Ma’un offers a radical critique of "religious individualism" by categorizing those who separate prayer rituals from social sensitivity as deniers of the faith. This study finds novelty in the reinterpretation of the term al-ma'un, which in the digital era is no longer limited to simple material aid but has transformed into "collaborative assets" encompassing information literacy, emotional support, and digital resource accessibility for marginalized groups. The research formulates the Inclusive Social Piety model, which integrates three main pillars: spiritual interconnection awareness, digital altruism, and empowering independence. This model functions as a solution to transform the narcissistic "I" paradigm into a collaborative "We" paradigm. In conclusion, the internalization of Al-Ma’un's values acts as a bridge between the personal advancement of Generation Z and their collective responsibility, serving as a basis for character strengthening in Islamic higher education to remain functional and responsive to human problems in the era of disruption.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muh. Alimin, Syamsul Ma’arif Ilyas, Ahmad Tri Muslim HD, Harel Bayu Paizin, Ratnah Umar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SYMPTOMS OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITAS NEGERI GORONTALO
Disgestion is a very important process for the health and well-being of the body, if it s not properly managed, it can increase the risk of more serious health problems, one of which is Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Risk factors that may contribute to the development of GERD include poor dietary pattern, physical activity, medication use, sleep quality, lifestyle, and academic stress. This study employs an analytical and approach using a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. The population and sample consisted of 106 students selected using purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using a univariate and bivariate analyses. The chi-square test result showed that dietary pattern, physical activity, medication use, sleep quality, lifestyle, and academic stress had a significant association with GERD symptoms, with p-values < 0,05. It is recommended that students pay attention to dietary patterns, physical activity, medication use, sleep quality, lifestyle, and manage stress properly to achieve better health. For the Faculty of Medicine, it is recommended that education be provided regarding the importance of maintaining stundent health, particularly in relation to dietary patterns, physical activity, medication use, sleep quality, lifestyle, and stress management. Future researchers are encouraged to further develop follow-up studies on factors associated with GERD symptoms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andi Nurmala Putri Arkani, Laksmyn Kadir, Ayu Rofia Nurfadillah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
EXPERIENTIAL VALUE AS A DRIVER OF BRAND LOVE AND CUSTOMER LOYALTY THROUGH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN THE SLOW BAR COFFEE SHOP TOKO KOPI LAJENG
The increasing popularity of slow bar coffee shops in Indonesia reflects a shift in consumer preferences towards more personalized, immersive, and educational coffee experiences. This study aims to examine the effect of Experience Value, consisting of Customer Return on Investment (CROI), Service Excellence, Aesthetics, and Enjoyment, on Brand Love and Customer Loyalty through the mediating role of Customer Satisfaction among customers of Lajeng Coffee Shop in Bandung. A quantitative survey was conducted using purposive sampling, collecting 251 valid responses through a Likert scale questionnaire, and the data were analyzed with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS. The results show that Experience Value has a significant effect on Customer Satisfaction (β = 0.721; p < 0.001). Customer Satisfaction acts as a partial mediator in the relationship between Experience Value and Brand Love and Customer Loyalty. Furthermore, the effect of Customer Satisfaction on Customer Loyalty (β = 0.462; p < 0.001) is stronger than its effect on Brand Love (β = 0.441; p < 0.001), indicating that satisfaction is more easily translated into loyal behavior than into emotional attachment. These findings extend customer experience research in the slow bar context and offer practical guidance for managers to prioritize experience investments that strengthen loyalty and brand love.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rama, Putu Nina Madiawati, Arry Widodo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE SOCIAL FUNCTION OF TRADITIONAL POETRY OF BINI PULAU ROTE IN THE MAINTENANCE OF THE SOCIO-CULTURAL IDENTITY OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES
This study aims to analyze the social function of bini traditional poetry in the maintenance of the socio-cultural identity of local communities in Londalusi, East Rote District, Rote-Ndao Regency. The focus of the research is directed at the identification of the educational, normative, symbolic, integrative, and communicative functions of oral traditions related to the life cycle of society, including birth, marriage, and death. This study uses a qualitative approach with ethnographic-descriptive design. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and documentation of traditional narratives submitted by two key informants, namely traditional speakers (manehelo) and local traditional leaders. Data analysis was carried out thematically to map the social function of traditional narratives in the context of people's social lives. The results of the study show that traditional narratives and traditional bini poetry play an important role as a medium for inheriting traditional values, collective memory, local cosmology, and inter-generational social ethics. This oral tradition functions as a means of informal education, a regulator of social norms, a symbol of representation of the Rote people's worldview, a strengthening of social cohesion, and a cultural communication medium that maintains the continuity of the socio-cultural identity of the local community. This research confirms that the oral tradition of bini is not just an aesthetic expression, but a living and adaptive socio-cultural system. These findings contribute to strengthening the study of oral literature and cultural anthropology, especially in the context of Indonesian archipelago communities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yeheskial A Roen, Jeni M. Ataupah, Jacklin S. Manafe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY, PERCEIVED EASE OF USE, PERCEIVED RISK, AND LIFESTYLE MODERATED BY GENDER ON THE ADOPTION OF QRIS AS A CASHLESS PAYMENT METHOD (A Case Study of Generation Z in Greater Bandung)
The growth of internet users in Indonesia has increased significantly from last year and penetration has reached 79.5% by the beginning of 2024. Reaching 13.66% of the Indonesian population has made payments.e-commerceregularly cashless with e-wallet or digital wallet. This reflects that Indonesian society is undergoing transformation by implementing digital wallet programs.cashless society or change of cash payment to non-cash. The use of QRIS is one of the instruments that support the BI program in creating cashless society. The existence of digital transformation is only supported by 6.84% of the Indonesian population who are digitally literate, which means that more than 90% of the people in Indonesia are not digitally literate in facing this digital transformation. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of digital transformation.financial literacy, perceived ease of use, perceived risk, And lifestyle moderated by the rolegender towards the adoption of the use of QRIS ascashless payment on Generation Z in Bandung Raya. The theory from this study uses Technology Acceptance Model 1 because the theory is relevant to the objectives of this research. The model focuses on the main factors affecting technology acceptance, one of which isperceived ease of usewhich is modified within the research framework. The research method used is quantitative with the aimcausal descriptive which is applied by usingTechnology Acceptance Model (TAM). The time for implementing the study iscross sectionaland the research backgroundnon-contrived. The analysis tool usesStructural Equation Model (SEM) basedPartial Least Square (PLS) to test the tentative hypothesis proposed to 30 Generation Z QRIS users in Greater Bandung. During the sampling process, 113 respondents were recruited. The preliminary findings indicate that all independent variables are valid, as all questionnaire items have r-values > 0.361 at a significance level of 0.05. The results of this study show that eachfinancial literacy, perceived ease of use, perceived risk, And lifestyle has a significant positive effect onbehavior intention on Generation Z in Bandung.Gender is known to moderate the influence of each independent variable in this study onbehavior intention on Generation Z in Greater Bandung. Academic suggestions from this study are intended to enable future research to explore the indicators of each independent variable in more depth and expand the sample size. Practical suggestions for service providerse-wallet to focus on reducing risks and increasing personal security and develop strategies to build user trust inlifestyle owned by the user.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fella Fitriani, Abdul Mukti Soma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE ACTIVITY OF THROWING SPOKES AS PART OF THE DOWRY GIVING TRADITION IN THE SIPIROK COMMUNITY'S CUSTOMARY MARRIAGE SYSTEM
Traditional marriage traditions are an important manifestation of maintaining the sustainability of local social and cultural values. One traditional practice still maintained by the Sipirok community is the mengumpar ruji activity as part of the dowry giving process. This activity is not only ceremonial, but also contains social, symbolic, and normative meanings that function as a mechanism for binding relationships between families. This study aims to analyze the meaning, function, and position of the mengumpar ruji activity in the Sipirok community's traditional marriage system. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive-analytical approach, through literature review and normative analysis of traditional practices. The results show that mengumpar ruji is a symbol of sincerity, responsibility, and social recognition from the man towards the woman and her family. This tradition also functions as an instrument of social legitimacy in Sipirok traditional marriage. Thus, mengumpar ruji has a strategic role in maintaining social harmony and the sustainability of customary law amidst the social changes of modern society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hadiani Fitri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
This journal focuses on mental health. The purpose of this paper is to understand how people with mental health are treated in Islam. To further narrow this discussion, the author discusses the concept of mental health in Islam, the characteristics of people with mental health in the Quran, and the characteristics of people with mental illness in the Quran. This article was compiled using a literature review method obtained from reading various books, journals, and other publications related to mental health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sintong Tampubolon, Afdhal Ilahi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE URGENCY OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN SHAPING AN INDEPENDENT GENERATION
Entrepreneurship education is a strategic instrument in addressing global social and economic challenges, particularly those related to the low level of independence of the younger generation. The still-dominant orientation of graduates as job seekers demonstrates the need for a paradigm shift in education toward developing an independent, creative, and adaptive generation. This study aims to analyze the urgency of entrepreneurship education in developing an independent generation through a library approach. The research method used is library research, examining scientific journal articles, academic books, and educational policy documents published in the last five years (2021–2025). Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques to identify the concepts, values, and role of entrepreneurship education in developing an independent generation. The study results indicate that entrepreneurship education contributes significantly to fostering independence, creativity, responsibility, risk-taking, and problemsolving skills. Therefore, there is a high urgency for entrepreneurship education to be systematically integrated into the education system to develop an independent and competitive generation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmawati Alwi, Widya Fatmah, Zulkifli, Lailatul Khadaliyah, Khandika Syifa, Muhamad Awalurizal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A NEW DIRECTION IN ARABIC MORPHOSYNTACTIC STUDIES: INTEGRATING CLASSICAL THEORY, MODERN LINGUISTICS, AND PEDAGOGICAL APPLICATIONS
Traditional Arabic linguistic studies often fall into a dichotomy that separates Nahwu (syntax) and Sharf (morphology), causing learners to lose the functional orientation of the language. This research aims to formulate a new direction in Arabic morphosyntactic studies through the integration of classical theory, modern linguistics, and pedagogical applications. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach with a library research method, data were analyzed comparatively and integratively from various reputable scientific literatures. The research results show that the integration of Al-Jurjani's Nazhm theory with systemic functional and generative-transformational linguistic perspectives is capable of providing a more logical explanation of Arabic language structures. Furthermore, digitalization through corpus analysis and computational linguistics enables empirical mapping of language patterns to support AI development. Pedagogically, the implementation of an integrative approach that unites the teaching of Nahwu and Sharf, alongside the utilization of data-based media, has proven to be more effective in enhancing students' communicative skills compared to conventional methods. This research concludes that strengthening morphosyntactic studies is a crucial step in modernizing Arabic language learning in the global era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fathin Haqqar, Hamzah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
INTEGRATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INTO COLLABORATIVE LEARNING TO FOSTER 21ST-CENTURY SOFT SKILLS: EVIDENCE FROM A BEST PRACTICE STUDY IN MAN 1 BANDA ACEH
This best practice study aims to develop 21st-century soft skills in students at MAN 1 Banda Aceh through the implementation of an artificial intelligence-based collaborative learning model called KOTAK (Artificial Intelligence-Based Brain Collaboration). The study used a qualitative case study design with 39 students. Data collection was conducted through learning observations, interviews, and analysis of student activities and learning outcomes in the Integrated Economic Exploration material. The KOTAK model was designed by integrating various easily accessible AI tools, such as Google Lens, ChatGPT, and QuestionWell, to support interactive, collaborative, and problem-solving-based learning. The results showed that implementing the KOTAK model significantly improved students' critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity (4C) skills. Analysis of learning outcomes indicated a 94.87% absorption rate and achievement of the curriculum objectives for the taught material. The use of the AI platform has proven to be an effective interactive medium for encouraging active student engagement, strengthening higher-order thinking, and fostering collaboration in problem-solving. This research makes an original contribution by offering and testing a contextual learning model that integrates collaborative pedagogy and AI technology in a madrasah environment, while also presenting a practical framework for developing 21st-century skills in integrated subjects such as Economics, in line with the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Putra Aprullah, Muhammad Sayuthi, Salsabilla Julnadi, William Ben Gunawan, Indrayani Indrayani, Raida Fuadi, Zahara Zahara, Agus Adria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF BONUS PACKS AND PRODUCT QUALITY ON PURCHASE DECISIONS AT PT. ALAMJAYA WIRASENTOSA TG. MORAWA DELI SERDANG NORTH SUMATRA
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bonus packs and product quality on consumer purchasing decisions at PT. Alamjaya Wirasentosa Tg. Morawa Deli Serdang, North Sumatra. The population in this study are consumers at PT. Alamjaya Wirasentosa Tg. Morawa Deli Serdang North Sumatra as many as 379 consumers for one week while the determination technique is random sampling with the withdrawal technique using the Slovin formula. So that the sample in this study amounted to 79 respondents. The sources of data in this study are primary data and secondary data. Where the primary data from observations, interviews and questionnaires. While secondary data can be from data that has been documented. While the data analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression. The results of multiple regression analysis are Y = 8.898 + 0.193X1 + 0.548X2 + e which shows that the bonus pack and product quality have a positive and significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions. While the results of the (t) test or partial test show that the bonus pack has a positive and significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions where it can be seen that the tcount value is 2.125 > ttable 1.992 and the product quality variable also has a positive and significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions where it can be seen that the tcount value is 9.425 > ttable 1992. The results of the coefficient of determination with a correlation regression value of 0.814, meaning that together the bonus pack and product quality on consumer purchasing decisions at PT. Alamjaya Wirasentosa Tg. Morawa Deli Serdang North Sumatra has contributed to a strong degree. Then the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.653 (65.3%). So it can be said that 65.3% of the variation in the dependent variable, namely the bonus pack and product quality in the model, can explain the purchasing decision variables at PT. Alamjaya Wirasentosa while the remaining 34.7% is influenced by other variables outside the model. Keyword: Bonus Pack, Product Quality, Purchase Decision
Copyright (c) 2026 Husna Ulfah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF ILLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACTS IN THE FILM NORAH
This study investigates the forms and functions of illocutionary acts in the film Norah (2023) using a qualitative descriptive approach. The research problem centers on how dialogic interactions and rural Saudi socio-cultural contexts shape the distribution of illocutionary types. Data were collected via observation and note-taking, then classified according to Searle’s five categories (assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, declarative) and analyzed through three stages: data collection, analysis, and presentation. The findings reveal that illocutionary speech acts in the film Norah are dominated by directives in the form of commands, prohibitions, and invitations, which highlight the speaker’s role in controlling actions. In addition, expressive and commissive acts appear in the form of advice, requests, and polite expressions that function to maintain harmony and interpersonal closeness. Overall, the use of illocutionary acts in the film reflects social relations and the dynamics of everyday interaction in rural Arab society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Nashi Huddin Ubaidillah, Rima Mella, Khusnul Fatimah, Zulfan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
REORIENTATION OF MUNAKAHAT FIQH LEARNING FROM A NORMATIVE-LEGALISTIC APPROACH TO MAQASHID SYARIAH-BASED REASONING AT AL ANSOR ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL, PADANGSIDIMPUAN
The teaching of fiqh munakahat in Islamic boarding schools is generally still dominated by a normative-legalistic approach, which emphasizes the determination of legal status, such as halal–haram or valid–invalid, based on texts and the authority of classical books. This approach is important in preserving the scholarly tradition of fiqh, but in practice it often does not encourage students to understand the legal objectives and social implications of fiqh provisions. This study aims to analyze how the maqāṣid syariah reasoning approach can be applied in the teaching of fiqh munakahat and how this approach influences the students' way of thinking. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design conducted at the Al-Ansor Islamic Boarding School in Padangsidimpuan. Data were collected through observation of the learning process in the classroom, discussions with students, and reflections from teachers during the field study. The results of the study show a shift in the students' way of thinking from a textual understanding of the law to a more reflective understanding, taking into account the social context and objectives of sharia. This research contributes by offering a more contextual, reflective, and relevant model of fiqh munakahat learning for the challenges of contemporary Muslim family life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Sa’adah Harahap, Purnama Hidayah Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
EVALUATION OF STUDENTS CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN THE COURSE MULTIPLE VARIABLE CALCULUS
Calculus of Multiple Variables is a core course in the Mathematics Education study program and plays a crucial role in developing students advanced mathematical thinking skills. Success in this course relies heavily on mastery of the prerequisite material, particularly the concepts of derivatives and integrals of functions of one variable. Therefore, understanding mathematical concepts is a fundamental aspect that determines students’ ability to understand the interrelationships between topics and solve problems systematically and logically. This study aims to describe students' conceptual understanding of multivariable calculus. The approach used is a descriptive approach with a purposive sampling technique, namely selecting research subjects based on certain criteria in the form of the highest and lowest levels of mathematical concept understanding. The results of the study indicate that students conceptual understanding varies across different materials. In the partial derivative material, students were not yet fully able to accurately represent the solution concept, especially in applying the rules for derivatives of exponential functions, so the results obtained did not conform to mathematical principles. These errors are conceptual in nature and indicate a weak grasp of certain basic concepts. However, in the material on derivatives of products of two functions and triple integrals, students demonstrated goog conceptual understanding. They were able to select, use, and apply solution procedures appropriately and systematically. This finding indicates that despite weaknesses in certain concepts, students still possess quite good procedural and conceptual abilities in the context of other problems in polynomial calculus.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ayu Yarmayani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND TAHSIN AL-QUR’AN GUIDANCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ COMPETENCIES
Digital transformation through Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers significant potential for enhancing elementary school teacher competence, yet its implementation remains largely technical and fragmented when detached from teachers’ religious and personal dimensions. This study addresses this gap by examining the integration of AI-assisted learning and Qur’anic tahsin development as a holistic model of teacher competency enhancement. Employing a qualitative case study design, the research was conducted at SD Negeri 200206 Padangsidimpuan, involving elementary school teachers, Islamic Religious Education teachers, school leadership, and facilitators of AI and tahsin training programs. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis, and analyzed using an interactive analytical model with methodological triangulation. The findings reveal that the use of AI tools—such as ChatGPT, Gamma, and Canva AI—significantly improves instructional effectiveness and strengthens teachers’ pedagogical and professional competencies. Furthermore, AI-integrated Qur’anic tahsin training, particularly in makhārij al-ḥurūf and tajwīd, enhances teachers’ Qur’anic recitation quality while reinforcing their religious and personal competencies. This study contributes a value-based, integrative framework for teacher professional development that bridges digital innovation and Islamic educational values. Despite its potential, the model faces challenges related to digital literacy disparities, infrastructural readiness, and the need for sustained mentoring. The study advances scholarly discourse on ethically grounded AI integration in elementary education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Robiahasna Ritonga, Herawati, Khaerani Harahap, Zainal Efendi Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
TEACHER PERFORMANCE AT STATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL (SMAN) 7 JAYAPURA CITY
The general objective of this research is to analyze problems in performance-based management within organizations, specifically related to teacher performance management in schools. Specifically, this research aims to analyze: (1) To analyze and understand the performance of teachers in carrying out their duties and responsibilities in the teaching and learning process at schools. (2) To identify the factors influencing the performance of teachers in carrying out their duties and responsibilities in the teaching and learning process at State Senior High School (SMAN) 7 in Jayapura City. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study research method that utilizes in-depth interviews as a data collection procedure. The research data includes primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through participant observation and interviews, while secondary data were obtained through documentation searches. The data analysis techniques used include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that in general the implementation of teacher performance at State Senior High School (SMAN) 7 Jayapura City consisting of assessment indicator instruments: (a) Learning Planning, (b) Learning Implementation, (c) Learning Outcome Assessment, and (d) Personality and Attitude Development shows good results in the sense that the teachers in carrying out their main tasks and functions have been in accordance with the expected expectations. In addition, this study also revealed that even so there are still several things that need to be improved further such as completing learning facilities and infrastructure. The recommendation that can be given through this study is that schools need to provide increased teacher competence and capacity through training, seminars, technical guidance to improve teacher professionalism in the application of educational technology.
Copyright (c) 2026 Latif Karim, Rahmat Jaman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
OPTIMIZATION OF BUMDES “SEPENUH HATI” IN MANAGING FISHERY POTENTIAL IN LOA DURI ILIR VILLAGE
BUMDes Sepenuh Hati manages several businesses in Loa Duri Ilir Village, which encompass various village potentials in the fisheries sector, including fish farming, fish processing, fishing ponds, and alternative fish feed production. The utilization of these businesses requires the optimization of BUMDes in their management. The purpose of this research is to determine priorities for BUMDes Sepenuh Hati in managing the fishery potential of Loa Duri Ilir Village. The data collection technique used by the researcher involved questionnaires and interviews. The data analysis method uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This method allows for the analysis of the optimization of BUMDes Sepenuh Hati in managing fishery potential based on four aspects: the human resource aspect, the financial aspect, the marketing aspect, and the production aspect. The research results indicate that the main priority criteria for optimizing BUMDes are the human resource aspect, followed by the production aspect, the financial aspect, and lastly the marketing aspect. Based on the analyzed alternatives, BUMDes Sepenuh Hati received a facilitator recommendation from the fish farming group (Pokdakan) to assist in managing the fishery potential of Loa Duri Ilir Village.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Masitah, Gusti Haqiqiansyah, Doni Darmasetiadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
INTEGRATING RELIGIOUS VALUES INTO CHARACTER EDUCATION: EVIDENCE FROM AN ISLAMIC MADRASAH IN INDONESIA
This study examines the implementation of character education at MTsN 3 Halmahera Utara through four focal values: religiosity, honesty, tolerance, and discipline. Using a qualitative naturalistic approach, data were collected from the head of the madrasah, teachers, and students through in depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. The findings indicate that character education is organized as a whole school culture rather than a standalone program. Religiosity is strengthened through routinized worship practices that scaffold ethical conduct and self regulation. Honesty is fostered through teacher exemplarity, trust based learning situations, and clear behavioral norms related to academic integrity and everyday responsibility. Tolerance is cultivated as a relational practice through inclusive interaction norms and respect for differences in the school community. Discipline is reinforced through consistent routines, rule clarity, and guided accountability, though its internalization remains sensitive to family support and external influences. Overall, the study shows that coherent habituation, modeling, and institutional consistency are decisive for embedding character values in students’ daily behavior and for sustaining a constructive moral climate in the madrasah. The results suggest implications for school leadership, teacher development, and family engagement. Limitations include the single site design and scope, indicating the need for comparative and longitudinal studies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chadijah, Amrah Kasim, Andi Achruh, Syamsuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SMES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF DIGITAL INNOVATION, GENDER EQUALITY, AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH STRATEGIES
This systematic literature review explores the interconnected dimensions of digital innovation, gender equality, and sustainability in women-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The primary aim is to synthesize existing knowledge to address integration challenges these enterprises face. The researchers analyzed 436 peer-reviewed articles from the Scopus database, published between 2010 and 2025, using bibliometric and qualitative thematic techniques based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. Findings highlight that digital innovation significantly enhances market access, operational efficiency, and resource mobilization, empowering women entrepreneurs to overcome structural barriers. Gender equality initiatives play a crucial role in creating supportive ecosystems, promoting diverse leadership styles, and fostering inclusive organizational cultures conducive to sustainable business practices. Thematic analyses reveal specific success factors including robust social networks, targeted mentorship programs, and inclusive financial mechanisms. However, systemic barriers persist, notably limited access to capital, entrenched sociocultural biases, and insufficient digital literacy. Methodologically, research predominantly utilizes quantitative approaches, suggesting a need for integrated mixed-method frameworks to better capture nuanced entrepreneurial experiences. Geographical disparities indicate that women entrepreneurs face different challenges and opportunities across developed and developing contexts, underscoring the necessity for context-specific policy interventions. This review adds to our understanding by combining ideas from entrepreneurial ecosystem perspectives, Gender Empowerment Theories, and the Resource-Based View, providing a complete look at sustainable, fair, and digitally innovative business practices. Future research should focus on intersectional methodologies, longitudinal studies, and comparative analyses across diverse contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asrijal Bintang, Ismail Rasulong, Kahar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE ROLE OF “DETECTIVE DOCTORS” IN EXPOSING THE SKINCARE MAFIA: HEALTH COMMUNICATION TO RAISE PUBLIC AWARENESS
The beauty and skincare industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly and promising. However, behind this growth, there has been a revelation of numerous ingredients in skincare products that do not match their claims, with many containing harmful substances such as mercury, hydroquinone, and more. This issue began to surface when a beauty doctor, often referred to as the "Detective Doctor," examined and exposed skincare products suspected of being unregistered and containing dangerous ingredients. This research aims to analyze the role of health communication in raising public awareness about the skincare mafia practices through the role of the "Detective Doctor." The method used is qualitative descriptive analysis with case studies of several campaigns conducted by the "Detective Doctor" on social media and other public channels. The results show that the "Detective Doctor" not only reveals dangerous skincare products through scientific research but also plays a role in delivering information to the public via accessible communication platforms such as social media and podcasts. This campaign successfully increased public awareness of the importance of choosing safe beauty products, as well as the importance of verifying skincare product ingredients. This research highlights the significant role of health communication in combating illegal practices in the beauty industry and demonstrates how the "Detective Doctor" can be an agent of change in public health education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Talitha Carlen Anora Junus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
PRESERVING JUDGEMENT OF TOPENG PANJI CIREBON FROM INDONESIAN TO ENGLISH: AN APPRAISAL ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE
This study investigates translation techniques used in rendering judgment evaluation from Indonesian into English at Topeng Gegesik book. The research focuses on the characterization of Topeng Panji Cirebon. The study applies (Molina & Albir, 2012) translation techniques framework to identify how judgment meanings are transferred into English. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the data consist of clauses containing judgment expressions in Indonesian and its translation in English. The findings reveal that translation techniques such as modulation, amplification, established equivalence and literal translation are predominantly employed to preserve positive judgment values especially normality and propriety. The study demonstrates that translation technique choices significantly influence the maintenance of cultural values, moral evaluation, and character identity. This research contributes to translation studies by integrating appraisal theory with translation techniques in the context of traditional cultural texts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fedro Iswandi, Amal Hayati, Khadeja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
EARLY HIV DETECTION: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY USING RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AT THE MARINA PERMAI COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER
Early HIV detection is a key strategy in control HIV/AIDS epidemic in Indonesia. Research This aim For analyze effectiveness of the Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) as method detection early HIV in the workplace Marina Permai Community Health Center 2025. Research​ use design descriptive with total sample of 58 people who did HIV test . Examination done use Three immunochromatographic RDT strategies : ViroCheck ® HIV 1/2, Arkan Medical One Step Anti-HIV (1/2), and d3TEKS1 HIV 1/2 Antibody Rapid Test. Research results show that Of the 58 respondents , 5 people (9%) indicated results reactive and 53 people (91%) non- reactive . Based on characteristics demographics , cases reactive found in 3 women (5%), 2 men (3%), with distribution largest in the group aged 18–59 years (4 people, 7%) and 1 case (2%) in the group aged 0–5 years . This study conclude that immunochromatographic RDT effective as tool detection early HIV at the level service primary health with sensitivity and specificity high . Findings This support use of RDT as screening beginning in HIV prevention and control programs in facilities health community . Keywords: Early HIV Detection, Rapid Diagnostic Test, Marina Permai Health Center
Copyright (c) 2026 Al Hidayani, Clariza Florence https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
EXAMINATION OF ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS EGGS IN STUDENT OF SDN 12 LANGKAI PALANGKA RAYA IN 2025
Enterobius vermicularis is a small intestinal nematode that causes enterobiasis infection. This infection is most commonly found among elementary school–aged children. The aim of this study was to describe the microscopic findings of Enterobius vermicularis eggs among first- and second-grade students of SDN 12 Langkai, Palangka Raya City, in 2025. This research employed a descriptive approach, with specimen collection carried out using the anal swab technique. Samples were examined microscopically after staining with 5% eosin solution, and observations were performed under a light microscope using 10× and 40× objective lenses. The results showed that no eggs or larvae of Enterobius vermicularis were detected in any of the samples, indicating that all samples were negative. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that no cases of enterobiasis infection were found among the first- and second-grade students of SDN 12 Langkai, Palangka Raya City.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fitria Hariati Ramdhani, Al Hidayani, Khairul Iman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION, CUSTOMER DELIGHT AND CUSTOMER TRUST ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN THE SHOPEE MARKETPLACE
This study aims to analyze the influence of Customer Satisfaction, Customer Delight, and Customer Trust on customer loyalty in the Shopee marketplace. A quantitative approach was employed with data collected through questionnaires to active Shopee users. Multiple linear regression results show that the three independent variables simultaneously have a significant effect on customer loyalty, but only Customer Trust has a significant partial effect. The Adjusted R Square indicates that the independent variables explain approximately 41.4% of the variation in customer loyalty. These findings highlight the importance of building customer trust as a key strategy in maintaining loyalty on e-commerce platforms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mujito, Tika Kartika Asri, Wawan Hari Subagyo, Eidelweijs Andririnjani Putri, Andri Catur Trissetianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
MYSTISM IN THE SULUK AND JAWOKAN OF THE CIREBON-DERMAYU COMMUNITY IN LITERARY INTERTEXTUALITY THROUGH WRITING LEARNING IN HIGH SCHOOL
This research aims to explore, analyze and understand the use of suluk and jawokan in the context of the culture and traditions of the Cirebon-Indramayu community. The type of research used is a qualitative descriptive study with an ethnographic approach to document the use of suluk and jawokan in various traditional ceremonies, rituals, as well as aspects of the social and spiritual life of the community. Data collection methods include direct observation, in-depth interviews, and searching related literature. The research results show that suluk and jawokan have an important role in traditional ceremonies, traditional medicine, and religious rituals, used for various purposes such as healing, protection, and communication with ancestral spirits. Apart from that, suluk and jawokan reflect cultural values ​​and local wisdom passed down from generation to generation. This research concludes that preserving suluk and jawokan as part of intangible cultural heritage is very important to maintain the identity and cultural sustainability of the people of Cirebon-Indramayu. The mysticism of suluk and jawokan is oral literature that developed among the people of Cirebon-Indramayu as a vehicle for expression in expressing ethics, aesthetics and transcendent values ​​in deeper social and religious realms. Based on the research results, the students' writing level is very enthusiastic, so that students are able to express ideas, thoughts, and messages in writing poetry or mantras. It turns out that based on the table, 70% of students like writing, 15% dislike it, and 15% are hesitant. Learning to write requires continuous practice. For this reason, teachers as facilitators and motivators for students, should offer strategies in the form of methods and media that are interesting for students. The strategies used by teachers determine the success of learning. To achieve writing skills, a lot of practice is needed. Appropriate and varied writing exercises will make it easier for students to learn the language and have a big influence on learning other subjects. Therefore, the role of teachers and their creativity in the learning process also determines the success of students in learning the language, especially writing lessons.
Copyright (c) 2026 Taiman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL FACTORS ON HONEY CONSUMPTION INTEREST AMONG EARLY CHILDHOOD VISITORS AT PT. KEMBANG JOYO SRIWIJAYA MALANG
Honey consumption in Indonesia is still relatively low, at only around 10–15 grams per capita per year, far behind developed countries. This low consumption presents a challenge for honey industry players, including PT. Kembang Joyo Sriwijaya, which actively welcomes educational visits from young children. These visits have the potential to shape healthy consumption habits through direct interaction with the beekeeping process and education on the benefits of honey. This study aims to analyze the social factors that influence young visitors' interest in honey consumption, including product appeal, destination image, and knowledge. The study used a quantitative method with a convenience sampling technique on 50 respondents who were parents or guardians of children aged 4–5 years who visited PT. Kembang Joyo Sriwijaya for educational purposes. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and observations, then analyzed using multiple linear regression to test the influence of each variable on consumption interest. The results showed that all three social factors product appeal, destination image, and knowledge play a significant role in shaping young children's interest in honey consumption. Product appeals such as packaging, flavor, and interactive experiences have been shown to increase children's interest. The image of a clean, safe, educational, and child-friendly destination strengthens visitors' positive perceptions. Meanwhile, knowledge about the benefits of honey and its production process increases parents' motivation to introduce honey as a healthy consumption. This research provides strategic recommendations for PT. Kembang Joyo Sriwijaya in developing more effective educational and marketing programs to increase interest in honey consumption in children from an early age.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ruth Nora Luthan Br Pardosi, Siti Azizah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
FACTORS INFLUENCING WOMEN’S KNOWLEDGE OF BREAST CANCER: LITERATURE REVIEW
Breast cancer remained the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women and continued to contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. In Indonesia, most breast cancer cases were detected at an advanced stage, indicating inadequate knowledge and low awareness of early detection. This study aimed to identify factors influencing women’s knowledge of breast cancer through a systematic literature review. A literature review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. Ten national and international research articles published between 2021 and 2025 were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach supported by simple descriptive statistics through vote counting. The results showed that women’s knowledge of breast cancer was influenced by internal and external factors. Internal factors included education level, age, attitudes and awareness, and psychological factors. External factors comprised access to information and educational media, the role of health professionals, educational interventions, socioeconomic status, cultural norms, and family support. Education level and access to information were identified as the most dominant factors based on their frequency across the reviewed studies. It was concluded that women’s knowledge of breast cancer was shaped by the interaction between individual characteristics and social environments. Comprehensive and sustainable health education strategies were therefore required to improve breast cancer awareness and support early detection practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andre Budi, Lady Evelyn Aritonang, Hendrianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF TIKTOK LIVE SHOPPING USE AND DIGITAL PROMOTION STRATEGY ON CONSUMER ENGAGEMENT IN PANENJOAN VILLAGE CICALENGKA DISTRICT BANDUNG RECENCY
The development of digital technology has encouraged businesses to utilize social media as a marketing tool, one of which is through TikTok's Live Shopping feature. However, the use of TikTok Live Shopping in semi-rural areas such as Panenjoan Village, Cicalengka District, Bandung Regency, has not been optimal, as indicated by low consumer engagement and unstructured digital promotion strategies. This situation indicates a gap between the potential use of TikTok Live Shopping and the expected level of consumer engagement. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of TikTok Live Shopping utilization and digital promotion strategies on consumer engagement. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method, along with descriptive and verification analysis. The study population was consumers in Panenjoan Village who had participated in TikTok Live Shopping. The sample was determined using the Lemeshow formula, resulting in 100 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted using a Likert-scale questionnaire. Data analysis included validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, correlation tests, multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination tests, and hypothesis testing using SPSS version 27. The results showed that the use of TikTok Live Shopping, digital promotion strategies, and consumer engagement were in the strong category. Partially, the use of TikTok Live Shopping and digital promotion strategies had a significant effect on consumer engagement. Simultaneously, these two independent variables also had a significant effect on consumer engagement. This study concluded that optimizing TikTok Live Shopping and implementing effective digital promotion strategies can increase consumer engagement in Panenjoan Village.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sani Agisni, Bambang Sucipto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
CULTURAL NEGOTIATION THROUGH COMMODIFICATION AND INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN NYAWANG BULAN IN KASEPUHAN BUNISARI
The Nyawang Bulan tradition in Kasepuhan Bunisari, Girimekar Village, Bandung Regency faces challenges of preservation amid modernization and cultural tourism. The local community must balance maintaining the historical and spiritual values of the tradition with the economic and entertainment demands of tourists. This research problem focuses on how the process of cultural commodification affects the meaning of the tradition, as well as how intercultural communication strategies are employed by the community to convey cultural values to diverse audiences. This study aims to analyze the relationship between cultural commodification and intercultural communication practices in the Nyawang Bulan tradition, as well as to identify adaptation strategies implemented by the community to preserve the core meaning of the tradition. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a post-positivist paradigm. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results indicate that the Nyawang Bulan tradition undergoes a process of commodification through artistic performances, cultural markets, and digital branding, allowing local culture to be consumed more widely without losing its fundamental meaning. Intercultural communication strategies, including message and symbol accommodation, enable tourists to understand the values of the tradition while maintaining local identity. The tradition serves as an adaptive space for cultural dialogue, integrating preservation, cross-cultural interaction, and community economic empowerment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shalsa Billa Fadillah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF HISTORY TEXTBOOKS ON THE SCIENCE OF ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIAN ZIGGURAT ARCHITECTURE
This article aims to analyze the scientific content in the field of Ancient Mesopotamian ziggurat architecture presented in the History textbook of the 2009 School-Based Curriculum by Tarunasena M. This study uses a qualitative approach with a content analysis method to examine historical discourse related to the development of science, technology, and civilization in Mesopotamia, especially in the Sumerians, Assyrians, and Chaldeans. The results of the Analysis show that the narrative in the textbook has included a representation of the progress of Mesopotamian civilization through orderly urban planning, the use of clay building materials, mastery of arithmetic and geometry, metal processing, the construction of ziggurats as religious and political symbols, the establishment of libraries as centers of knowledge, and the creation of monumental architectural works such as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. These findings indicate that textbooks play an important role in transmitting to students the values of scientific progress, innovation, and the heritage of civilization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Algandi Algandi, Nur Syafarudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
DETERMINANTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM SUCCESS IN INDONESIA: SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS, TEAM CAPABILITIES, AND STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT
Success in information system projects has a significant impact on the development of information technology. The research specifically explores the factors that can influence the success and failure of information system projects in Indonesia. The research method applied is a double linear regression analysis of a case study involving 67 information system projects that have been completed by various organizations and companies in Indonesia. Some of the major findings of this study cover critical aspects that have a significant impact on the performance of information system projects. Analysis of project information system requirements is identified as one of the key factors affecting the success of the project. Team capabilities, both in terms of technical skills and interpersonal coordination, are also important elements that correlate with project outcomes. The involvement of stakeholders throughout the project cycle has also proved to have a positive impact. It is understood that involving stakeholders actively can enhance a better understanding of user needs and minimize the risk of change of requirements in the middle of the way. By gaining in-depth insight into these key factors, this research makes valuable contributions to the planning, development, and implementation of future information system projects in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Faidatul Hikmah, Sinung Suakanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
IMPLICATIONS OF FINANCIAL RATIOS IN STOCK PRICE EVALUATION
The aim of the research is to determine the position of share prices in measuring debt. to Equity Ratio , return on equity and Earning Per Share . The data used are the financial reports of the Food and Beverage sub-sector companies for the period 2020-2023. The findings of the research results show that DER and ROE partially have no effect on stock prices. Other findings show that stock prices can be influenced by the Earning Per Share variable .
Copyright (c) 2026 Setiyo Adi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
BASIC IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL OFFICE IN PREVENTION OF GRATUITY CASES
The scientific background regarding the case of gratuity in Indonesia, in terms of juridical violations under Articles 12A, 12B, and 12C of Law Number 31 of 1999, in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes, has caused poverty across various aspects of people’s lives. In addition, efforts to eradicate the crime of gratuity need to be supported by professional human resources and the enforcement of legal sanctions to foster personal awareness of anti-corruption. Based on the description above, the problem formulation is focused on: 1) Why is the integrity of state officials needed in eradicating graft cases? 2) What is the relationship between the philosophical study of the integrity of state officials in the case of gratuities? 3) What is the legal purpose of the integrity of state officials in the case of gratuities? The purpose of this study is to analyze the integrity of state officials in eradicating cases of gratuity. The approach method in this study is a normative juridical approach. The types of legal materials used are primary, secondary, and tertiary. The analysis technique used is qualitative descriptive. The results of the study are the eradication of gratuities in Indonesia, namely unlawful acts (corruption) by state officials/employees, receiving bribes (gratuities) from corporations or related parties, abuse of authority, and the practice of collusion with fictitious projects offering a 50%:50% profit split with contractors. This research novelty concludes that gratuities are unlawful acts by state officials who must be audited their salary financial data and even their family’s financial data through the Annual Personal Tax Payment Letter in accordance with the Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2017 and reported to the Financial Audit Agency and the Financial Transaction Analysis Reporting Center in accordance with the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2010.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Taqwa, Muhammad Ihsan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR VICTIMS WRONGLY ARRESTED IN THE INVESTIGATION PROCESS IN INDONESIA
This study discusses legal protection for victims of wrongful arrest during the investigation process in Indonesia. As a state governed by law, Indonesia guarantees the protection of human rights, including for those who become victims of procedural errors in the justice system. Wrongful arrests constitute a violation of individual freedom and cause physical, psychological, and social suffering. This research employs a normative legal method, drawing on statutory and literature sources. The results show that victims of wrongful arrest are entitled to compensation and rehabilitation, as provided for in the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) and Law Number 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power. However, compensation provided is still limited to material aspects and has not fully restored the victims’ dignity, reputation, and well-being. Therefore, the state must strengthen legal protection mechanisms and ensure that investigations are conducted professionally, transparently, and in accordance with human rights principles to prevent the recurrence of wrongful arrest cases.
Copyright (c) 2026 Burhayan, Mujiburrahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE AUTHORITY OF REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS IN PROVIDING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, MANAGEMENT, AND LAW ENFORCEMENT
The authority of local governments in environmental protection, management, and law enforcement is exercised within the framework of regional autonomy in Indonesia. Under Law Number 23 of 2014 and Law Number 32 of 2009, environmental affairs have been decentralized as mandatory governmental functions under the authority of provincial and regency/municipal governments. This study employs a normative juridical research method, utilizing secondary data in the form of statutory regulations and legal literature. The findings indicate that regional autonomy provides local governments with greater capacity to understand and respond to the objective environmental conditions of their respective regions. Environmental law enforcement is implemented through administrative sanctions, criminal sanctions, and civil liability based on the principle of strict liability. The role of local governments is therefore crucial in ensuring the sustainability of environmental functions and in safeguarding community welfare through effective environmental governance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Achmad Alif Nubani, Mirza Agung Rahmatullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR REALIZING SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN SOUTH LAMPUNG REGENCY
This article examines the role of environmental law as a key instrument in sustainable tourism development in South Lampung Regency. Tourism significantly contributes to regional economic growth through increased investment, employment opportunities, and community welfare. However, the development of this sector is often accompanied by environmental degradation due to weak ecologically sound management. This research uses normative legal methods with legislative, conceptual, and comparative legal approaches to analyze the role of environmental law as an instrument for realizing sustainable tourism in South Lampung. The research method used in this study is a qualitative approach with a library research method with a normative legal approach. This research is qualitative normative, which emphasizes the analysis of legal norms. Data collection techniques are carried out through documentation analysis by identifying, reviewing, and interpreting legal sources, relevant literature, legal sources used include, Books, Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning environmental protection and management, Law Number 10 of 2009 concerning Tourism, and Government Regulation Number 27 of 2012 concerning Environmental Permits. Then a descriptive-analytical and thematic analysis is carried out, by grouping data into main themes and then drawing conclusions from a general to specific problem, in this case regarding Environmental Law as an Instrument for Realizing Sustainable Tourism in South Lampung. The results of this study indicate that environmental law plays a fundamental role as a controlling instrument in realizing sustainable tourism in South Lampung Regency. Through the implementation of legal instruments such as environmental impact analysis (EIA), environmental permits, the precautionary principle, and the enforcement of legal sanctions, tourism activities can be directed to prevent ecosystem damage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sholikhul Huda, Achmad Alif Nurbani, Mirza Agung Rahmatullah, Muhammad Habibi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT ON THE EFFECT OF DIVERSITY, EQUITY, AND INCLUSION (DEI) ON SOCIAL-ESG PERFORMANCE : A LITERATURE REVIEW
This literature review examines the mediating role of employee engagement in the relationship between Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) practices and corporate Social-ESG performance. Amidst the growing emphasis on ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) criteria, the social dimension, particularly DEI, is recognized as a strategic driver of sustainability. While prior research indicates positive links between DEI and social performance, and between DEI and employee engagement, the specific mechanism connecting these variables remains underexplored. This study synthesizes existing literature to propose and analyze a conceptual model where employee engagement acts as a key mediator. Grounded in Social Exchange Theory and the Job Demands-Resources model, the review finds that inclusive environments foster psychological safety, a sense of belonging, and empowerment, which significantly enhance employee engagement. This heightened engagement, in turn, motivates prosocial behaviors such as Organizational Citizenship Behavior, internal advocacy, and proactive innovation that directly improve measurable Social-ESG outcomes. The analysis concludes that the effect of DEI on Social-ESG performance is not merely direct but is substantially transmitted and amplified through the psychological state and subsequent behaviors of engaged employees. The study highlights the necessity for organizations to integrate DEI strategies with employee engagement initiatives to fully realize their social sustainability goals and provides a foundation for future empirical testing of this mediating relationship.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sofia Yulmatri, Agung Surya Dwianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF DIGITAL LITERACY ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES IN A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS COURSE IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM AT UNIVERSITAS HAMZANWADI
The rapid development of information and communication technologies has significantly transformed higher education. Teaching and learning processes are increasingly supported by digital platforms, Learning Management Systems (LMS), and abundant online learning resources. In this context, university students are required to possess adequate digital literacy, particularly in software- and spatial-analysis-based courses such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which is a key course in the Environmental Engineering curriculum. This study aimed to analyze the effect of digital literacy on students’ learning outcomes in a GIS course offered in the Environmental Engineering Study Program at Universitas Hamzanwadi. A quantitative approach with a correlational design was employed. The population consisted of students enrolled in the GIS course in the odd semester of the 2024/2025 academic year, and all 44 students were taken as the sample using a saturated sampling technique. Digital literacy was measured using a Likert-scale questionnaire (1–5) covering technical skills, information search and evaluation, information management, online communication and collaboration, and ethical use of digital media, while learning outcomes were obtained from the final course grades. The data analysis showed that the mean score of students’ digital literacy was 3.6 (moderately high), with a standard deviation of 0.45, whereas the mean GIS course grade was 78.5 with a standard deviation of 6.8. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a positive and significant relationship between digital literacy and learning outcomes (r = 0.62; p < 0.01). Simple linear regression further revealed that digital literacy accounted for approximately 38% of the variance in learning outcomes (R² = 0.38), with the regression equation Ŷ = 52.3 + 7.3X. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening students’ digital literacy in GIS instruction through training, project-based assignments, and the optimal utilization of Learning Management Systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Isnein Akbar, Mutia Permata Sari, Agus Muliadi Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSLIM WARD HEAD IN NURSING CARE
Background: The position of ward head is crucial because their managerial skills play a significant role in the success of nursing services. The leader's character contributes optimally to creating quality nursing care. The results of this study are crucial because they discuss appropriate leadership characteristics in managing nursing wards. The past leadership characteristics of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) serve as the basis for patient management. The purpose of this study was to conduct a literature review related to the leadership characteristics of Muslim ward heads, based on the leadership characteristics of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The research method was a literature review of Islamic leadership character theories. The results revealed that the leadership characteristics of the best Muslim ward heads in nursing care are honesty, trustworthiness, intelligence, fairness, preaching, responsibility, discipline, initiative, being a role model, and providing inspiration. Conclusion: The leadership characteristics of Muslim ward heads are the foundation of good conventional leadership characteristics that can be implemented in managing patient nursing care.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Basirun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
IN-DEPTH LEARNING TRAINING AT UPTD. SDN 22 SAMPEAN
Deep learning is an important approach to improving the quality of 21st-century learning, but its implementation in elementary schools still faces various challenges, particularly related to teacher readiness and competency. This study aims to analyze the implementation and outcomes of deep learning training for teachers at the UPTD SDN 22 Sampean. The study used a qualitative approach with a field study design. The subjects were elementary school teachers who participated in the deep learning training. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques. The results of the study indicate that immersive learning training improved teachers' conceptual understanding and practical skills in developing immersive learning-based teaching materials. Teachers began designing lessons oriented toward conceptual understanding, active student engagement, and reflection on learning. These findings indicate that practice-based training is effective in supporting the implementation of immersive learning in elementary schools. This study recommends the need for ongoing training and implementation support to ensure the sustainability of immersive learning in the classroom.
Copyright (c) 2026 Salman Thoat, Zainal Efendi Hasibuan, Amron Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
SOCIAL MEDIA REVIEW ARTICLE: ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN COMMUNITY BEHAVIOR TOWARDS THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND THE IMPACT OF SECURITY RISK THREATS
Social media and security are a combination of two inseparable elements between social media and security, the security context referred to here is the security of social media users in communicating and resilience to potential risks due to the use of social media. Through social media platforms, such as Instagram, Facebook, Tik Tok, and Finteres which provide various features to facilitate interaction between social media users. Changes in today's information technology have brought major changes to all levels of society. With the birth of social media, behavioral patterns have shifted quite significantly, both in terms of ethics, culture and social norms. The research method used is quantitative descriptive through a descriptive analysis process. This study explains the behavior of new media usage activities by the Digital Community / Gen which includes motivation, habits or behavior, and security of social media access. Security can also be found in the data we use in the process of using social media, because when using communication access on a digital platform, there is a direct risk that all data directly related to the communication process can be known by other parties.
Copyright (c) 2026 Najib Abdul https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
SMART THEACING WITH AI IN LEARNING DEVELOPMENT
The rapid digital transformation in education has redefined the role of teachers, necessitating the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance pedagogical efficiency. This study aims to analyze the needs of primary school teachers regarding AI, describe the implementation of AI-assisted smart teaching training, and evaluate its impact on teachers' professional competence and the quality of produced instructional tools. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative approach with a field study design, the research was conducted at UPTD SD Negeri 33 Bangai. Data were collected through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis of teaching modules and worksheets. The subjects were selected via purposive sampling, and data were analyzed using the interactive model of reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that AI-assisted smart teaching training effectively shifts teachers from passive technology users to active pedagogical designers. Findings reveal a paradigm shift where teachers perceive AI as "augmenting intelligence" that strengthens rather than replaces their professional role. The instructional tools produced post-training showed significant improvements in systematic alignment and the integration of Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Grounded in adult learning and experiential learning theories, this practice-based model fosters greater learning autonomy and reflective practice. This study contributes empirical evidence for the primary education context, suggesting that human-centered and pedagogically-driven AI integration is a vital strategy for teacher professional development in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Juli Azmi, Zainal Efendi Hasibuan, Annisa Hilda Panjaitan, Rika Andriyani Ritonga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF RAW MATERIAL INVENTORY RECORDING AND VALUATION METHODS BASED ON SAK EMKM FOR BUSINESS CONTINUITY AT THE SUPER SUMBER SARI TOFU AND TEMPE FACTORY IN GORONTALO CITY
This study aims to analyze the methods of recording and valuing raw material inventories based on the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) and their relation to business continuity at the Super Sumber Sari Tofu and Tempe Factory in Gorontalo City. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the Super Sumber Sari Tofu and Tempe Factory in Gorontalo City has not implemented inventory recording in accordance with SAK EMKM. The business has not determined an inventory valuation method and does not calculate inventory values at the end of the accounting period. This condition causes the financial statements prepared to be unable to accurately reflect the business condition, particularly in determining inventory values and cost of goods sold. However, in terms of inventory expense recognition, the factory has applied it by recognizing damaged raw material inventories as expenses in the period incurred. This is due to the fact that raw materials are purchased from regular suppliers, making damaged materials non-returnable. The main factor contributing to the absence of inventory recording in accordance with SAK EMKM is the limited accounting knowledge of the owner and business managers, who are more focused on production and sales activities. Therefore, the implementation of inventory recording in accordance with SAK EMKM is expected to assist the business in preparing better financial statements and supporting business continuity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Widya Astuti, A. Harun Blongkod, Ayu Rakhma Wuryandini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE ORGANIZATIONAL BUSINESS
Digital transformation has become a crucial aspect of organizational strategies in various industries, including the business sector. This systematic literature review (SLR) focuses on understanding digital transformation within organizational business contexts. Through a systematic search of academic databases, The review explores key themes such as technological innovations, operational changes, customer-centric approaches, regulatory implications, and organizational adaptation. Technologies are driving significant changes, enabling organizations to streamline processes, enhance decision-making, and improve overall efficiency. Moreover, digital transformation is reshaping customer experiences, with personalized services and seamless interactions becoming essential for organizational success. Despite the benefits, organizations face challenges such as regulatory compliance, cybersecurity risks, and cultural resistance. By synthesizing existing research, this SLR aims to provide insights and guidance for organizations navigating the complexities of digital transformation in the organizational business landscape in the organizational business.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rian Bimo Ankhal, Muharman Lubis, Hanif Fakhurroja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING FOR WATER PRODUCTION RESIDUES (A CASE STUDY AT THE REGIONAL PUBLIC DRINKING WATER COMPANY PERUMDA MUARA TIRTA, GORONTALO CITY)
The objective of this study is to examine the management of water production residues and to analyze their implementation in environmental accounting at PERUMDA Air Minum Mutiara Tirta, Gorontalo City. This study employs a qualitative method with a case study approach. The research informants were selected using purposive sampling, consisting of individuals who were considered knowledgeable and directly involved in the issues under investigation, including the Production Coordinator, Maintenance Division, Laboratory Officer of Zone 1, Assistant Manager of Secretariat and Public Relations, and the Accounting and Budgeting Officer. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation by applying data source triangulation to ensure data validity. The results indicate that the management of water production residues has been carried out in accordance with Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs); however, its effectiveness remains limited due to constraints in budget allocation, facilities, and waste treatment technology. In terms of environmental accounting implementation, the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of environmental costs have not been optimally integrated, as environmental costs are still recorded within general operational budgets without specific classification and detailed reporting. This condition reflects existing challenges in linking waste management practices with environmental accounting records. The main obstacles include limited technological capacity, insufficient human resources with expertise in environmental accounting, and the absence of specific regulations governing environmental cost recording. Therefore, clearer regulatory support, dedicated budget allocation, improved waste treatment technology, and employee training are required to ensure a more effective and sustainable implementation of environmental accounting.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dzulkarnain Agung Mooduto, Mahdalena, Ronald S. Badu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
RECLAMATION OF FORMER COAL MINING LAND AT THE NORTHERN PIT OF CV. SEMOGA SURYA SENTOSA, SELUANG RIVER, SAMBOJA, EAST KALIMANTAN
The rehabilitation of post-mining land with low nutrient content is carried out using chemical and organic materials. To improve soil fertility, the application of fertilizers is required. Soil fertility is crucial as a medium for plant growth to enable replanting. Once the planting medium is available, it is then cultivated with plants suitable for the land conditions. The methodology of this study involved observing land conditions by examining soil structure, texture, and pH in the research area. The results showed that the soil texture belongs to the sandy clay loam or clay loam class, with a soil pH of 3.72. Soil improvement was carried out by applying dolomite lime at 100 grams per planting hole, requiring a total of 66.7 kilograms. Goat manure was applied at 2 kilograms per planting hole, with a total requirement of 133.4 kilograms for 667 trees. The tree species planted were Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and Trembesi (Samanea saman).
Copyright (c) 2026 Yustina Hong Lawing, Merdi Handayani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
AN ANALYSIS OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS’ ERRORS IN SOLVING MATHEMATICAL LOGIC PROBLEMS BASED ON NEWMAN’S PROCEDURE IN THE INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROGRAM
The identification of error types based on Newman’s Procedure includes reading, comprehension, transformation, process skills, and answer encoding. The objective of this study is to describe the analysis of students’ errors in solving mathematical logic problems based on Newman’s Procedure. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach involving first year students enrolled in the mathematical logic course within the Information Systems program. Data were collected through a diagnostic test administered to three students representing different levels of academic ability: one low ability student, one moderate ability student, and one high ability student. Students’ ability levels were measured based on tests covering compound propositional logic and logical operations. Data analysis was conducted by classifying errors at each stage of Newman’s Procedure, tracing the underlying factors contributing to these errors, and relating them to students’ logical reasoning abilities. Accordingly, the research method employed in this study is descriptive qualitative research. The resulting error classifications were subsequently used by lecturers as a basis for recommending improvements in instructional strategies. The results indicate that students with low ability made errors across all stages from K1 to K5, students with moderate ability tended to make errors at the case exploration and process skills stages, while students with high ability were able to complete all stages systematically and consistently. These findings confirm that the Newman Procedure is effective in mapping students’ thinking errors. Therefore, the implementation of differentiated learning strategies that emphasize problem comprehension, case exploration, and logical verification is recommended to enhance students’ reasoning abilities
Copyright (c) 2026 Zaini, Hardianto, M. Abrori, Fiky Anggara, Irfani Zuhrufillah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
TERRORISM AS AN ASYMMETRIC WARFARE STRATEGY: THE CHECHEN WAR AND THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF SHAMIL BASAYEV
The Chechen War represents a paradigmatic case of asymmetric warfare in which terrorism was employed as a strategic instrument by non-state actors. This article examines terrorism not merely as ideological extremism, but as a coercive strategy shaped by structural power asymmetries between Chechen separatist groups and the Russian state. Using a qualitative historical approach combined with literature review and critical discourse analysis, the study analyzes the role of Shamil Basayev through the Budennovsk hostage crisis (1995) and the Kizlyar–Pervomayskoye attack (1996) as key turning points in the Chechen conflict. The findings demonstrate that terrorism functioned as an effective short-term tactic by generating political pressure and public attention, while simultaneously producing long-term strategic costs in the form of international delegitimization and intensified state repression. This article concludes that terrorism in asymmetric warfare exhibits a strategic paradox: it may be rational and effective in specific contexts, yet ultimately counterproductive to long-term political objectives.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Shamil Bashayev https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
TEACHING ENGLISH WITH TIK TOK: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF #LEARNINGENGLISHWITHMRFAISAL
The rise of social media platforms like TikTok has created new avenues for informal language learning. This study employs a qualitative content analysis to investigate the pedagogical strategies within the popular Indonesian TikTok hashtag #learningenglishwithmrfaisal. The research aims to identify the types of English language content, teaching strategies, and pedagogical approaches used by the creator, Mr. Faisal. A systematic analysis was conducted on a purposive sample of 10 public TikTok videos from the hashtag. Data collection involved video observation, transcription, and documentation of multimodal elements, followed by a thematic analysis. Key findings reveal a primary focus on pronunciation drills and practical vocabulary, delivered through highly repetitive and multimodal techniques. Mr. Faisal effectively combines verbal repetition, visual cues (on-screen text, mouth close-ups), exaggerated facial expressions, and motivational speaking to facilitate learning and maintain engagement. The study concludes that TikTok serves as a significant platform for informal digital language learning, particularly for micro-learning and confidence-building. These findings suggest that formal educators can adopt similar engaging, bite-sized techniques, while content creators can leverage multimodal design to enhance instructional video effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hartono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF PRODUCT QUALITY AND PROMOTION ON CONSUMER SATISFACTION OF RABBANI USERS IN RANCAEKEK DISTRICT BANDUNG REGENCY
Abstract The rapid growth of the Muslim fashion industry in Indonesia has intensified competition among Muslim fashion brands, particularly in the hijab segment. This intense competition requires companies to maintain high product quality and implement effective promotional strategies to create consumer satisfaction. Rabbani, as one of Indonesia’s national Muslim fashion brands, faces challenges related to declining consumer perceptions of product quality and promotional effectiveness, which have an impact on consumer satisfaction, especially in Rancaekek District, Bandung Regency. This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of product quality and promotion on consumer satisfaction among Rabbani hijab users in Rancaekek District, Bandung Regency, both partially and simultaneously. This research employs a quantitative approach using descriptive and verificative methods. The population of this study consists of consumers who use Rabbani hijabs in Rancaekek District, with a sample of 96 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires developed based on indicators of product quality, promotion, and consumer satisfaction. The data analysis techniques used include descriptive analysis to describe the condition of each variable and multiple linear regression analysis to test the influence of product quality and promotion on consumer satisfaction. The analysis was also supported by classical assumption tests, coefficient of determination tests, and hypothesis testing through partial tests (t-test) and simultaneous tests (F-test). The results of the study indicate that product quality and promotion have a positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction, both partially and simultaneously. Good product quality and attractive, well-targeted promotional strategies are able to enhance consumer satisfaction with Rabbani products. Therefore, it is recommended that Rabbani place greater emphasis on maintaining consistent product quality and optimizing promotional strategies to improve consumer satisfaction and loyalty amid increasingly competitive conditions in the Muslim fashion industry.
Copyright (c) 2026 Laila Juariyah, Bambang Sucipto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
AN ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER’S SEARCH FOR IDENTITY IN TERE LIYE’S NOVEL SENDIRI: A JUNG PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE
This study examines the main character’s search for identity in Tere Liye’s novel Sendiri (2024) through the lens of Carl Gustav Jung’s psychoanalytic theory. The research addresses the lack of in-depth psychological analysis regarding how the protagonist confronts inner conflict, loneliness, and past trauma in the process of identity formation. The study aims to describe the forms, strategies, and obstacles in the character’s identity quest, as well as to analyze the individuation process based on Jungian concepts such as persona, shadow, anima/animus, and the Self. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, utilizing close reading and thematic analysis of textual data from the novel. Findings reveal that the protagonist undergoes a complex, nonlinear psychological journey toward self-understanding, triggered by existential crisis and emotional isolation. Through deep introspection, symbolic interactions (particularly with natural elements like the moon), and confrontation with the shadow, the character gradually integrates fragmented aspects of the self. This study demonstrates that Jungian theory effectively uncovers the psychological depth of characters in contemporary Indonesian literature and affirms the relevance of literary fiction as a medium for reflecting on identity formation and emotional resilience in real life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Feryanti Kurnia Andi, Hari Windu Asrini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF SERVICE QUALITY AND PRODUCT QUALITY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality and product quality on customer satisfaction for Daily Official Uniform Shirts (PDH) at PT Siso Extra Indonesia. The research employed a descriptive-verificative approach with a quantitative method. The population consisted of all customers of PT Siso Extra Indonesia during the period 2022–2024, totaling 383 customers, with a sample of 196 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction with a significance value of 0.007 (< 0.05). Product quality does not have a significant effect on customer satisfaction, as indicated by a significance value of 0.131 (> 0.05). Simultaneously, service quality and product quality have a significant effect on customer satisfaction with a significance value of 0.013 (< 0.05). The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.044 shows that 4.4% of customer satisfaction is explained by service quality and product quality, while the remaining percentage is influenced by other factors outside the research model. The findings highlight that service quality plays a dominant role in enhancing customer satisfaction in institution-based garment industries.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fiqri Syafrullah Meidigraha, Yoki Oktorian Sukardi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF CLASSICAL MUSIC THERAPY ON THE RISK OF VIOLENT BEHAVIOR IN RPK PATIENTS AT DR. ARIF ZAINUDIN RSJD
Background: Risk of Violent Behavior (RVB) is a common mental health nursing problem among patients with severe mental disorders and may endanger both patients and others. One non-pharmacological intervention to reduce RVB is Group Activity Therapy using classical music. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of classical music group activity therapy on the risk of violent behavior in RVB patients. Methods: This study employed a pre-experimental design with a one group pretest–posttest approach. The subjects consisted of four RVB patients hospitalized in the Gatotkaca Ward of RSJD dr. Arif Zainuddin, Central Java Province. The intervention involved playing instrumental classical music with a slow tempo for approximately 10–20 minutes. The risk of violent behavior was measured before and after the intervention using the RUFA instrument through behavioral observation. Results: The results showed behavioral improvements in all patients, indicated by enhanced emotional control, reduced agitation, and increased social interaction. Three patients showed improvement in RUFA category, while one patient demonstrated an increased score within the same category. Conclusion: Classical music group activity therapy is effective in reducing the risk of violent behavior and can be recommended as a complementary intervention in mental health nursing care.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adibatul Istiqomah, Didik Iman Margatot, Annisa Cinta Kalista, Meinisa Putri Prasetyo, Nia Meilani, Wahyu Putri Lestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
USE OF LEARNING MEDIA IN FORM PLATFORM LINK AT THE COLLEGE OF TARBIYAH SCIENCE OLD PADANG OF OLD MOUNTAIN
This research examines the implementation and effectiveness of using learning media in the form of link platforms for students at the Islamic Education College (STIT) Padang Lawas Gunung Tua as a form of Community Service (PKM). This activity aims to improve digital literacy and pedagogical technology competence of students as prospective educators in the digital era. The implementation method involved 3rd and 5th semester students through two intensive training sessions that included concept presentations, technical demonstrations, and hands-on practice in creating link platform-based learning media such as Google Sites, Canva, and simple Learning Management Systems (LMS). Evaluation results show that this training successfully improved students' understanding of technology concepts and applications in learning. There was an increase in practical skills in managing digital content, creating interactive media, and integrating multimedia in one easily accessible platform. Students also demonstrated new awareness about the importance of digital literacy and ethics in using online content. Additionally, a commitment emerged to apply these skills in future teaching practices. It is concluded that this hands-on practice-based training is effective in strengthening students' pedagogical technology competencies while also contributing positively to developing the quality of prospective educators at STIT Padang Lawas Gunung Tua. Similar sustainable activities with intensive mentoring are recommended to strengthen impact and build a sustainable digital learning ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Ihsan Pardamean Siregar, Irpan Haj Siagian, Zulhimma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF WORK INVOLVEMENT, JOB SATISFACTION, AND WORK MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT PT. AJS INDORAYA NUSANTARA IN BALIKPAPAN.
The topic of this research is Human Resources. This study aims to determine the effect of job engagement (X1), job satisfaction (X2), and work motivation (X3) on employee performance (Y) at PT. AJS Indoraya Nusantara in Balikpapan. Data were collected using a questionnaire administered to all 34 employees. The analysis tool used was multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS software.All questions were found to be valid and reliable. A multiple regression analysis was then conducted, and the results showed that X1, X2, and X3 had a significant effect, both partially and simultaneously. From the resulting regression equation, Y = 5.528 + 0.475 X1 + 0.278 X2 + 0.225 X3, it can be seen that the independent variable, work engagement (X1), is the most influential variable on employee performance (Y) compared to job satisfaction (X2) and work motivation (X3).
Copyright (c) 2026 Ovigeria Subroto Sinaga, Nurhidayah Syafiah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF TIKTOK SALES PROMOTION (DISCOUNT VOUCHERS) AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON REPURCHASE INTENTION OF AYAM BERSIH BERKAH CONSUMERS IN CIPARAY DISTRICT
This study is motivated by the increasing use of TikTok as a digital promotional medium through discount vouchers. In an increasingly competitive business environment, digital promotion not only aims to attract consumer interest but also to enhance customer satisfaction in order to encourage repeat purchases. Ayam Bersih Berkah in Ciparay District utilizes TikTok sales promotions as a digital marketing strategy to retain its customers. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of TikTok sales promotions (discount vouchers) and customer satisfaction on consumers’ repurchase intention at Ayam Bersih Berkah in Ciparay District. This research employs a quantitative method with descriptive and verificative approaches. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to consumers who had purchased Ayam Bersih Berkah products via TikTok. The research population consisted of consumers over a one-year period, and the sample was determined using the Slovin formula, resulting in 100 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, t-tests, and F-tests with SPSS version 25. The results indicate that TikTok sales promotions (discount vouchers) and customer satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention, both partially and simultaneously. Therefore, it can be concluded that effective TikTok sales promotions supported by high customer satisfaction can encourage sustainable repeat purchases.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Mulyani, Agung Pramudya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF PRICE AND PROMOTION ON INCREASING SALES AT THE EAST COFFEE PANGALENGAN
The coffee shop industry in Indonesia continues to grow alongside changes in consumer lifestyle, particularly in tourism areas such as Pangalengan, Bandung Regency. Despite having strong market potential, sales performance at The East Coffee has shown noticeable fluctuations. Sales records from November 2024 to October 2025 indicate that monthly revenue ranged from IDR 6,084,522 in March 2025 to IDR 10,726,758 in July 2025. This condition suggests that sales performance has not been stable and highlights the need to evaluate marketing strategies, especially pricing and promotion. This study aims to examine the effect of price and promotion on sales growth at The East Coffee Pangalengan. A quantitative approach with descriptive and verification methods was applied. The sample consisted of 72 respondents, selected using incidental sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS, including validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, t-tests, F-tests, and coefficient of determination analysis. The descriptive results show that Price (76%), Promotion (80%), and Sales Growth (74%) are perceived positively and categorized as strong. Verification analysis reveals that price has a positive and significant effect on sales growth (t = 8.017; Sig. = 0.000; β = 0.856), while promotion has a significant but negative effect (t = −2.346; Sig. = 0.022; β = −0.329). Simultaneously, price and promotion significantly influence sales growth (F = 90.421; Sig. = 0.000), with the model explaining 72.4% of the variance in sales growth (R² = 0.724). These findings indicate that sales growth at The East Coffee is more strongly driven by appropriate pricing perceptions, while promotional strategies require improvement to achieve more consistent and sustainable sales performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rindi Tri Utami, Dadang Munandar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF CHILDREN IN BRAWLS THAT RESULTED IN DEATH IN REVIEW OF LAW NUMBER 35 OF 2014 (STUDY OF DECISION PN TANJUNG KARANG NUMBER 11/PID.SUS-ANAK/2025/PN TJK)
Student brawls involving children remain a recurring social phenomenon in Indonesia and frequently result in serious criminal offenses, including those causing death. Children as perpetrators of criminal acts occupy a special position within the criminal justice system; therefore, their criminal liability cannot be equated with that of adults. This study aims to analyze the criminal liability of children involved in brawls resulting in death and to examine the application of legal provisions in the Decision of the Tanjung Karang District Court based on the Child Protection Act and the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. The research employs normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches through the study of statutory regulations, analysis of court decisions, and interviews with law enforcement officers. The data were analyzed qualitatively to describe the implementation of juvenile criminal law. The findings indicate that child offenders may still be held criminally liable while observing the principle of the best interest of the child. Judges consider both juridical and non-juridical aspects, including the child’s role in the offense, age, psychological condition, and social inquiry reports, resulting in sanctions that emphasize rehabilitation rather than retribution. This study concludes that the application of juvenile criminal law in cases of brawls resulting in death is in accordance with prevailing legal provisions; however, improvements in the quality of case handling by law enforcement agencies are still necessary to ensure balanced and sustainable child protection and justice for victims.
Copyright (c) 2026 Benny Karya Limantara, Carissa Novira Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE ROLE OF CONSUMERS IN THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON CONSUMER PROTECTION REGULATIONS AND SUSTAINABILITY
In facing global sustainability challenges, consumers play a strategic role in shaping the direction of the circular economy. This article presents a literature review on the relationship between consumer protection and the transition toward a sustainable consumption model. The main focus is directed at three key issues: the right to environmental information, the right to repair, and regulatory challenges related to greenwashing practices. By using a narrative literature review approach, this article examines various academic and policy sources to evaluate the extent to which consumer protection has been integrated into circular economy strategies. The findings show that although positive initiatives have been taken, regulatory implementation remains weak and often fails to provide effective protection mechanisms for consumers. The policy implications proposed include strengthening standards for environmental claims, expanding the right to repair across sectors, and increasing sustainability literacy at the consumer level. This article aims to enrich academic discourse and serve as a foundation for consumer-based policy development in support of the circular economy agenda.
Copyright (c) 2026 Naufal Shofwan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
DESIGNING A PRE-LAUNCH DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGY BASED ON CONSUMER INSIGHT, CUSTOMER JOURNEY, AND VALUE PROPOSITION TO ENHANCE BRAND AWARENESS OF A DIGITAL JOURNALING PLATFORM
The development of digital platforms in the mental health sector has shown significant growth, along with increasing awareness among younger generations regarding the importance of self-reflection and psychological well-being. One type of service with the potential to address these needs is digital journaling platforms. However, at the pre-launch stage, the main challenge faced by digital platforms lies not only in feature design, but also in building brand awareness from the outset through digital marketing strategies that are relevant to the needs of potential users.This study aims to design a digital marketing strategy based on consumer insight, customer journey, and value proposition at the pre-launch stage of the PelanPelan digital journaling platform. The study adopts a descriptive qualitative approach involving potential users from Generation Z aged 20–28 years. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and open-ended surveys. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify consumer insights, construct a conceptual customer journey, and formulate a value proposition as the foundation of the digital marketing strategy.The findings indicate that potential users perceive journaling as a tool for emotional regulation and self-reflection, yet still experience adoption barriers at the awareness stage. Based on these findings, pre-launch digital marketing strategies should focus on empathetic, simple, and emotionally driven communication to build contextual brand awareness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iqbal Zainul Muttaqin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
RECONSTRUCTION OF QUALITY OF TILAWAH: ANALYSIS OF THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF THE TAHSIN METHOD IN THE DYNAMICS OF LEARNING THE QUR'AN
. The Qur’an occupies a central position as the primary source of Islamic teachings and serves as the foundation of Islamic education. However, the quality of Qur’anic recitation (tilawah) in educational institutions still faces various challenges, including inaccuracies in pronunciation, inconsistency in applying tajwid rules, and limited pedagogical approaches. This study aims to analyze the strategic role of the tahsin method in reconstructing the quality of Qur’anic recitation within the dynamics of Qur’an learning. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach, the research was conducted at SD Negeri 081 Panyabungan, involving teachers as research subjects. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and documentation, and analyzed through data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the tahsin method plays a significant role in improving the accuracy, consistency, and awareness of correct Qur’anic recitation by emphasizing makhārij al-ḥurūf, characteristics of letters, and proper application of tajwid through direct guidance and corrective feedback. Furthermore, tahsin functions not only as a technical method but also as a pedagogical strategy that reconstructs teachers’ mindset and professional competence in Qur’anic instruction. The study implies that integrating the tahsin method systematically can contribute to sustainable improvement in the quality of tilawah and strengthen the effectiveness of Qur’anic learning in contemporary educational contexts
Copyright (c) 2026 Naim Lubis, Irmayani Pasaribu, Sri Nurinayah Simbolon, Zainal Efendi Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE PROBLEM OF UNDERSTANDING ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW: BETWEEN NORMATIVE TEXTS, SOCIAL PRACTICES AND MODERN LEGAL DYNAMICS IN ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN MANDAILING NATAL
Understanding Islamic family law is an important aspect in Islamic law education, especially for students of the Islamic Family Law Study Program. However, in practice, various problems are still found that originate from the dominance of the textual approach, the gap between classical fiqh and social reality, and the complex relationship between Islamic law and state law. This research aims to analyze the problems of understanding Islamic family law in S1 students of Islamic Family Law in Mandailing Natal by highlighting the tension between normative texts, social practices, and modern legal dynamics. This research uses a qualitative approach with a field study method (field study), through observation and analysis of empirical data associated with normative and sociological studies. The research results show that students' understanding of Islamic family law still tends to be normative-textual and not completely contextual. The maqaṣid al-syari'ah approach is offered as a methodological solution to bridge the gap, because it is able to integrate the purpose of Islamic law with the demands of social justice and protection for vulnerable groups. This research emphasizes the importance of updating the Islamic family law education approach to be more responsive to social development and modern law.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yurizka Syahdani Nst, Sakinah Azzahra Hsb, Nur Asliah, Musa Azhari, Putra Halomoan Hsb, Purnama Hidayah Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
TTHE FULFILLMENT OF CHILDREN’S RIGHTS TO MAINTENANCE AFTER DIVORCE AT THE SIBUHUAN RELIGIOUS COURT
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of fulfilling children’s rights to maintenance after divorce at the Sibuhuan Religious Court by examining the legal foundations, the implementation of court decisions, and the obstacles in their enforcement. This research employs a qualitative juridical-empirical approach through the analysis of statutory regulations, legal literature, and relevant court practices. The findings indicate that although fathers’ obligations to provide child maintenance are clearly regulated under both Islamic law and Indonesian positive law, their implementation in practice remains inadequate. The main obstacles include low legal awareness among the parties, economic constraints, weak mechanisms for monitoring the execution of court decisions, and institutional limitations within the Religious Court in ensuring continuous compliance. This study emphasizes that the effectiveness of child protection cannot rely solely on judicial rulings but requires strengthening institutional mechanisms, optimizing the role of mediation, and increasing public legal awareness. Therefore, fulfilling child maintenance rights after divorce should be positioned as an integral part of realizing substantive justice and protecting the best interests of the child.
Copyright (c) 2026 Junida Sari Hasibuan, Purmana Hidayah Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF PRICE AND PRODUCT QUALITY ON FERTILIZER PURCHASES AT AM JAYA TANI (Solokan Jeruk District, Bandung Regency)
This study aims to analyze the effect of price and product quality on fertilizer purchases at Am Jaya Tani Store in Rancakasumba Village, Solokan Jeruk District, Bandung Regency. This research is motivated by a decline in the number of visitors and fertilizer purchases, which is presumed to be influenced by consumers’ perceptions of price and product quality. The research method used is a quantitative approach with descriptive and verificative analysis. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to consumers of Am Jaya Tani Store, with sampling determined based on specific criteria. The data analysis techniques include validity and reliability tests, descriptive analysis, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination, and hypothesis testing using partial (t-test) and simultaneous (F-test) methods. The results indicate that descriptively, price, product quality, and fertilizer purchases are in the fairly good to good category. Partially, price has a significant effect on fertilizer purchases, and product quality also has a significant effect on fertilizer purchases. Simultaneously, price and product quality have a significant effect on fertilizer purchases at Am Jaya Tani Store. The findings of this study are expected to provide practical insights for the management of Am Jaya Tani Store in formulating pricing strategies and improving product quality to increase fertilizer purchases and enhance business competitiveness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vina Sri Wulan, Wentri Merdiani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN PRODUCING YOUNG ENTREPRENEURS
Entrepreneurship education has a strategic role in facing the challenges of unemployment and the low interest of the younger generation in the business world. Through entrepreneurship education, students are equipped with knowledge, skills, and mental attitudes that encourage independence and creativity. This study aims to analyze the role of entrepreneurship education in producing independent, innovative, and competitive young entrepreneurs. The research method used is a qualitative approach with literature study techniques and descriptive analysis of various relevant literature sources. The results of the study show that entrepreneurship education is able to form an entrepreneurial mindset, improve risk-taking skills, and foster creativity and courage to do business in the younger generation. Entrepreneurship education that is applied systematically and contextually also contributes to building a strong character and orientation to business opportunities. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that entrepreneurship education plays an important role as a strategic means in producing young entrepreneurs who are ready to face economic challenges in the modern era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmawati Alwi, Muhammad Daffa Munadhil, Rusdi Khairuddin, Syahrul Rhamdhani, Ibn Pahriji, Irvan Fahrul Rozi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The development of the digital economy has encouraged an increasing number of Generation Z students to pursue higher education while simultaneously engaging in side hustles. This condition requires students to manage role balance and maintain motivation to ensure that both academic and work-related activities lead to satisfactory outcomes. Role imbalance and low motivation may reduce students’ satisfaction and overall well-being, making this issue important to examine. This study aims to analyze the effect of Work-Life Balance and Motivation on Activity Satisfaction among Generation Z students engaged in side hustles at Universitas Wanita Internasional. A quantitative approach with an associative research design was employed. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 126 respondents selected using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression supported by t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination. The results indicate that Work-Life Balance and Motivation have a positive and significant effect on Activity Satisfaction, both partially and simultaneously. Motivation was found to have a more dominant influence compared to Work-Life Balance. These findings support the Self-Determination Theory and provide practical implications for managing student activities. Future research is recommended to incorporate additional psychological and contextual variables.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rina Herlina, Erna Puji Hartanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF JOB INSECURITY AND JOB SATISFACTION ON TURNOVER INTENTION OF CONTRACT EMPLOYEES AT PT ADETEX BANJARAN
This study aims to analyze the effect of job insecurity and job satisfaction on the turnover intention of contract employees at PT Adetex Banjaran. Employment conditions in the textile industry indicate a relatively high level of job uncertainty, particularly for contract employees who experience changes in work schedules, income fluctuations, and limited guarantees of job continuity. These conditions have the potential to reduce job satisfaction and encourage employees’ intention to leave the company. This research employs a quantitative approach using a survey method. The research population consists of all contract employees at PT Adetex Banjaran, with the sample determined using a proportional sampling technique. Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires developed based on indicators of job insecurity, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques with the assistance of SPSS software, including validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination, and partial and simultaneous hypothesis testing. The results indicate that job insecurity has a positive and significant effect on turnover intention, meaning that the higher the level of job insecurity perceived by employees, the greater their tendency to leave the company. In addition, job satisfaction has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention, indicating that higher job satisfaction leads to a lower intention to leave the organization. Simultaneously, job insecurity and job satisfaction have a significant effect on the turnover intention of contract employees at PT Adetex Banjaran. These findings highlight the importance of human resource management practices that focus on enhancing job security and job satisfaction in order to reduce turnover intention. This study is expected to serve as a consideration for company management in formulating more stable, fair, and sustainable employment policies, as well as a reference for future research in the field of human resource management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kristin Nurhayati, Dadang Munandar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE COMPETENCE AND HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (SIMRS) QUALITY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES AT MM INDRAMAYU HOSPITAL
Hospital digital transformation requires human resource readiness and the quality of the Hospital Management Information System (SIMRS) for effective administrative services. In practice, the effectiveness of administrative services is still influenced by variations in employee competency and the quality of the system used. This study aims to analyze the influence of HR competency and SIMRS quality on the effectiveness of administrative services at MM Indramayu Hospital. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The study population included all non-medical support staff who use SIMRS, totaling 84 respondents, so a saturated sampling technique was used. Data were collected through a Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS. The analysis results show that HR competency has a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of administrative services (t = 7.075; p < 0.05). SIMRS quality also has a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of administrative services (t = 6.781; p < 0.05). Simultaneously, human resource competency and the quality of the Hospital Management Information System (MISRS) had a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of administrative services (F = 28.257; p < 0.05) with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.411. This study concludes that improving the effectiveness of hospital administrative services requires synergy between adequate human resource competency and good quality of the SIMRS. Future research is recommended to examine other factors beyond the research model to gain a more comprehensive understanding
Copyright (c) 2026 Agis Gisna Wahyuni, Yoki Oktorian Sukardi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF AFFILIATE MARKETING AND USER REVIEWS ON PURCHASE DECISION’S FOR CHILDREN’S CLOTHING PRODUCTS AT GALERI AIKA STORE ON THE SHOPEE MARKETPLACE
The Aika Gallery store on the Shopee marketplace is the perfect destination for parents seeking children's clothing with guaranteed quality and attractive designs. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine affiliate marketing for children's clothing products at the Aika Gallery store on the Shopee marketplace, (2) to determine user reviews of children's clothing products at the Aika Gallery store on the Shopee marketplace, (3) to determine purchasing decisions for children's clothing products at the Aika Gallery store on the Shopee marketplace, (4) to determine the influence of affiliate marketing on purchasing decisions for children's clothing products at the Aika Gallery store on the Shopee marketplace, (5) to determine the influence of users on purchasing decisions for children's clothing products at the Aika Gallery store on the Shopee marketplace, and (6) to determine the simultaneous influence of affiliate marketing and user reviews on purchasing decisions for children's clothing products at the Aika Gallery store on the Shopee marketplace. This study used a descriptive quantitative approach with 70 respondents. The results of this study are: (1) Consumer responses regarding Affiliate Marketing are in the good category, (2) Consumer responses regarding User Reviews are in the good category, (3) Consumer responses regarding Purchasing Decisions are in the good category, (4) Affiliate Marketing has a significant influence on Purchase Decision Satisfaction (5) User Reviews have a significant influence on Purchase Decision Satisfaction, and (6) Affiliate Marketing and User Reviews have a significant influence on Purchase Decisions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sindi Setiawati, Dadang Munandar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The rise of social media platforms like TikTok has created new avenues for informal language learning. This study employs a qualitative content analysis to investigate the pedagogical strategies within the popular Indonesian TikTok hashtag #learningenglishwithmrfaisal. The research aims to identify the types of English language content, teaching strategies, and pedagogical approaches used by the creator, Mr. Faisal. A systematic analysis was conducted on a purposive sample of 10 public TikTok videos from the hashtag. Data collection involved video observation, transcription, and documentation of multimodal elements, followed by a thematic analysis. Key findings reveal a primary focus on pronunciation drills and practical vocabulary, delivered through highly repetitive and multimodal techniques. Mr. Faisal effectively combines verbal repetition, visual cues (on-screen text, mouth close-ups), exaggerated facial expressions, and motivational speaking to facilitate learning and maintain engagement. The study concludes that TikTok serves as a significant platform for informal digital language learning, particularly for micro-learning and confidence-building. These findings suggest that formal educators can adopt similar engaging, bite-sized techniques, while content creators can leverage multimodal design to enhance instructional video effectiveness
Copyright (c) 2026 Hartono, Rina Wahyu Setyaningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF SOFT SKILLS AND HARD SKILLS ON THE WORK READINESS OF GRADE XII STUDENTS
This study aims to determine the effect of soft skills and hard skills on the work readiness of 12th-grade students at SMK Mahardika Batujajar. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method. The population in this study was all 467 12th-grade students at SMK Mahardika Batujajar. The sample size was determined using the Chocran formula with a 10% error rate, resulting in a sample size of 86 respondents. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 24. The results showed that soft skills partially had a positive and significant effect on students' work readiness, with a calculated t-value of 2.493, which is greater than the t-table of 1.989, and a significance level of 0.015, which is less than 0.05. Hard skills also have a positive and significant effect on students' work readiness, with a calculated t value of 6.597 which is greater than the t table of 1.989 and a significance level of 0.000 which is smaller than 0.05. Simultaneously, soft skills and hard skills have a significant effect on students' work readiness, with a calculated F value of 144.949 which is greater than the F table of 3.11 and a significance level of 0.000 which is smaller than 0.05. The coefficient of determination value of 0.772 indicates that 77.2% of the variation in students' work readiness can be explained by soft skills and hard skills, while the remaining 22.8% is influenced by other factors outside this study.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Fitri Intan Sari, Maharani Rahma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
INCREMENTAL LABOUR OUTPUT RATIO (ILOR) AND OUTPUT GROWTH IN INDONESIA IN THE SHORT TERM
This study specifically projects output and predicts economic growth, investment needs, and additional labor requirements sectorally, using labor and output data (GDP by business field at constant prices) for the period 2001-2019. The analysis method used is labor projection based on the output approach, namely the Incremental Labor Output Ratio (ILOR). The results of the study show that (1) the increase in output in the agricultural sector does not have an impact on the expansion of labor absorption in the sector, but the conditions contrast with the increase in output in the public services, mining and trade sectors which will have an impact on the expansion of labor (2) Additional labor in the agricultural sector does not provide optimal results or additional labor in the agricultural sector and has an impact on decreasing output in the future (3) Additional labor in the mining sector will result in high output in the future.
Copyright (c) 2026 Desfitrina, Zulfadhli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE PHENOMENON OF FOOD WASTE IN BREAKFAST BUFFET SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
Food waste in buffet services in the tourism sector is a strategic issue that has significant impacts on environmental, economic, and social aspects, especially in the context of efforts to achieve sustainable tourism. This study aims to analyze in-depth strategies for preventing food waste in buffet services by highlighting operational practices, guest behavior, and managerial policies implemented in the field. The research approach uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques through direct observation, in-depth interviews with hotel managers and staff, and documentation studies related to the food production and serving processes. The research results indicate that the most effective food waste prevention strategies include ongoing guest education on responsible consumption behavior, the implementation of flexible and adaptive portion sizes tailored to guest needs, and staff capacity building through training on food management and waste mitigation. Furthermore, strengthening coordination between the kitchen, restaurant service, and management is also crucial in ensuring optimal strategy implementation. These findings provide practical and academic contributions to the tourism industry by offering recommendations that can serve as a basis for developing more efficient and sustainable policies and operational practices, thereby reducing the negative impact of food waste while improving the quality of buffet service.
Copyright (c) 2026 Herra Herryani , Sony Heru Priyanto, Nur Widiyanto; Agung Yuliyanto Nugroho; Ristanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF PRICE AND ADVERTISING ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN THE TIKTOK SHOP MARKETPLACE (Survey of Business Administration Students at the Faculty of Social and Business, International Women's University)
This study aims to determine the effect of price and advertising on the consumptive behavior of students at Bandung International Women’s University in the TikTok Shop marketplace. The growing trend of consumptive behavior among students is influenced by easy access to social media and digital marketing strategies such as interactive advertisements and discount offers. This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive and verificative methods. The sample consists of 95 respondents, students of the Business Administration Study Program (2021–2024), selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression through SPSS. The results show that (1) price has a positive and significant effect on students’ consumptive behavior, (2) advertising also has a positive and significant effect, and (3) simultaneously, price and advertising significantly affect consumptive behavior among TikTok Shop users. Therefore, competitive pricing and creative advertising strategies on TikTok Shop have been proven to increase impulsive buying tendencies among students. This research is expected to serve as a reference for digital business practitioners in designing more ethical and educational marketing strategies for young consumers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Billy Reihan Yusuf, Dadang Munandar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
REVAMPING MANAGEMENT EDUCATION: THE POWER OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING
Project-Based Learning (PjBL) has emerged as an innovative educational approach that bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. This study explores the impact of PjBL on students' learning experiences, particularly in real-world engagement, collaborative teamwork, social interaction, and problem-solving skills. Findings from interviews with multiple informants highlight that PjBL provides students with new experiences beyond the traditional classroom setting, allowing them to engage directly with the school environment. Through collaborative projects, students develop interpersonal skills, enhance communication, and strengthen teamwork. Additionally, PjBL fosters adaptability and problem-solving abilities, equipping students with essential 21st-century competencies. These results align with the theoretical perspectives of Krajcik & Blumenfeld (2006) and Blumenfeld et al. (1991), which emphasize the significance of experiential learning and social interaction in deepening students’ understanding. Overall, PjBL offers a transformative learning experience by making education more meaningful, engaging, and relevant to real-world challenges
Copyright (c) 2026 Friscilla Wulan Tersta1, Linardo Pratama, Riri Ardianti, Firman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS IN ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF COMPANY PROFITABILITY AND LIQUIDITY AT PT. PERTAMINAGEOTHERMAL ENERGYTBK PERIOD 2022-2023
This research was conducted to assess the financial performance of PT Pertamina Geothermal EnergyTbk for the 2022–2023 period using a financial ratio analysis approach focused on profitability and liquidity ratios. The research method used is quantitative descriptive, utilizing secondary data sourced from the company's financial statements. Indicators used in the profitability analysis includeNet Profit Margin, Return on Assets( ROA), and Return on Equity(ROE), while liquidity analysis is carried out usingCurrent Ratio, Quick Ratio, AndNet Working Capital Ratio.The analysis results show an increase in the profitability ratio, reflecting improvements in operational efficiency and the company's ability to utilize assets to generate profits. On the other hand, although the liquidity ratio has improved, its value has not yet reached the ideal level, indicating that the company still faces challenges in meeting its short-term obligations. Overall, PT PertaminaGeothermal EnergyTbk during the 2022–2023 period showed increasingly improving profitability performance, but still needs to pay attention to and strengthen liquidity conditions to maintain the company's financial stability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Desi, Putri Sumaiyya, Siti Rahmah, Widia Safitri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
IMPROVING BUSINESS MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY THROUGH DIGITALIZATION ASSISTANCE USING SALES MASTER APPLICATION IN MSMES CANTEEN
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), especially canteen businesses, play an important role in supporting local economic activities due to their high daily transaction intensity. However, many MSME canteens still face problems in transaction recording, inventory management, and sales reporting because these activities are carried out manually. This community service activity aims to improve business management efficiency through digitalization assistance using the Sales Master application. The methods used include initial surveys, digitalization socialization, application usage training, hands-on assistance, and evaluation. The results show that MSME actors experienced improvements in transaction recording accuracy, inventory control, and accessibility of sales reports. The implementation of the Sales Master application positively impacts operational efficiency and supports the independence of local MSMEs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rita J D Atarwaman, Mutiara Nazliza, Rafly Aitya Saputra, Yulianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF COGNITIVE DISSONANCE ON ACCOUNTING FRAUD BEHAVIOR WITH ACCOUNTING MORAL AS A MODERATING VARIABLE IN ACCOUNTING STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS, PATTIMURA UNIVERSITY, AMBON
Accounting fraud remains a critical ethical issue that threatens the credibility of the accounting profession. This study aims to examine the effect of cognitive dissonance on accounting fraud behavior and to analyze the moderating role of accounting morality in weakening this relationship. The research employs a quantitative approach using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Data were collected from 120 accounting students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pattimura Ambon, selected through purposive sampling. The results indicate that cognitive dissonance has a positive and significant effect on accounting fraud behavior. Furthermore, accounting morality is proven to significantly moderate the relationship by weakening the influence of cognitive dissonance on fraudulent behavior. These findings support Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Moral Development Theory, emphasizing the importance of strengthening ethical education to reduce fraudulent tendencies among future accounting professionals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rita J D Atarwaman, Adelyn Abarua, Frangky Richard Limaheluw, Wa Pujji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) ON THE VALUE OF CEMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE (IDX) IN THE PERIOD 2020-2024
This study examines the effect of financial performance and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on firm value in cement companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2020–2024. Financial performance is proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), while firm value is measured using Price to Book Value (PBV). CSR is measured through a disclosure index based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards using content analysis. This research employs a quantitative associative approach with secondary data obtained from annual reports and sustainability reports of seven cement companies. Multiple linear regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that ROA has a positive and significant effect on firm value, suggesting that efficient asset utilization enhances market perception. CSR disclosure also shows a positive and significant effect on firm value, supporting the legitimacy theory that socially responsible practices strengthen corporate reputation and investor confidence. These findings highlight the importance of integrating financial performance and sustainability strategies to enhance firm value, particularly in capital-intensive and environmentally sensitive industries such as cement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rita J D Atarwaman, Kezia S Souhoka, Nailah Atmaranti Salim Huath, Devin Wacanno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
DIGITAL PROMOTION STRATEGY: UTILIZATION OF DIGITAL ADVERTISING, ENDORSEMENTS, AND SOCIAL MEDIA CAMPAIGNS AT JNC COOKIES
The increasing intensity of competition in the culinary business sector of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), particularly in snack food products such as JNC Cookies, necessitates the implementation of effective digital promotion strategies to expand market reach and improve sales performance. Changes in consumer behavior that increasingly rely on digital platforms to obtain information, evaluate purchasing decisions, and interact with brands have made adaptation to digital marketing an unavoidable requirement. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the planning, implementation, and effectiveness of digital promotion strategies through the utilization of digital advertising (paid advertising), endorsements, and social media campaigns in enhancing brand awareness and consumers’ purchase intention toward JNC Cookies. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, observation of social media activities, and analysis of the performance of implemented digital marketing campaigns. In addition, several supporting indicators were measured, such as content reach, engagement rate, consumer interactions, and changes in sales volume during the campaign period. The collected data were subsequently analyzed to identify the relationship between digital promotional activities and consumer responses. The expected outcomes of this study include the formulation of an applicable digital promotion strategy model for food-sector MSMEs, recommendations for the development of sustainable social media campaigns, and the mapping of the roles of endorsements and digital advertising in strengthening the brand positioning of JNC Cookies. The findings of this study are expected to provide practical contributions for MSME practitioners in optimizing the use of digital media as an effective, measurable, and consumer-oriented promotional tool.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jota Yovanto, Rini Puspita Dewi, Suci Fitriani, Luthfiani Chintia Wardani, Zia Dzilalul Haq, Revalsyah Alwi Alfarizky, Rizaldi Afrizafany, Ingrit Fatharani, Indah Permatasari, Oksa Putri Mulyadi, Yuyun Yuniarsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
DEVELOPMENT OF ANDROID-BASED MATHEMATICS LEARNING MEDIA TO IMPROVE CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN WEST SULAWESI
This study aims to develop an Android-based mathematics learning media using Smart Apps Creator (SAC) and determine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in improving critical thinking skills of high school students in West Sulawesi. This research is a research and development (R&D) with a modified Borg and Gall model and is limited to the product revision stage after the trial. The resulting product is an Android-based Mathematics E-Module that contains interactive materials, learning videos, problem-solving-based practice questions, learning games, and evaluations. The data collection technique used expert validation questionnaires, teacher and student response questionnaires, and critical thinking ability tests. Data were analyzed using a Likert scale, validation tests, practicality tests, and effectiveness tests through a comparison of pretest and posttest results and N-Gain calculations. The results showed that the developed learning media was in the very feasible category based on the assessment of material experts and media experts with a feasibility percentage above 85%. The practicality test showed that teacher and student responses were in the practical to very practical category. The effectiveness test showed an increase in students' critical thinking abilities in the moderate to high category, and there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores. Thus, Android-based mathematics learning media using Smart Apps Creator is effective for improving the critical thinking abilities of high school students in West Sulawesi.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rezki Novianti, Ana Muliana M, Jeranah, Muhammad Nurhusain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF WORK CULTURE, COMPETENCIES, CAREER DEVELOPMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH COMPENSATION AT PT PELINDO REGIONAL 2 NORTH JAKARTA
This study aims to analyze the effects of Work Culture, Competence, and Career Development on Employee Performance through Compensation at PT Pelindo Regional 2 North Jakarta. The research employs a quantitative and descriptive approach. The sampling technique used is probability sampling with a simple random sampling method, involving 241 respondents. The analytical tool applied in this study is Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) version 4.0. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: (1) Work culture has a positive effect on compensation with a path coefficient of 0.195; (2) Competence has a positive effect on compensation with a path coefficient of 0.110; (3) Career development has the strongest positive effect on compensation with a path coefficient of 0.532; (4) Work culture has a negative effect on employee performance with a path coefficient of –0.066; (5) Competence has a positive effect on employee performance with a path coefficient of 0.060; (6) Career development has a negative effect on employee performance with a path coefficient of –0.204; (7) Compensation has a positive and the most dominant effect on employee performance with a path coefficient of 0.764; (8) Work culture has a positive indirect effect on employee performance through compensation with a path coefficient of 0.149; (9) Competence has a positive indirect effect on employee performance through compensation with a path coefficient of 0.084; and (10) Career development has the strongest indirect effect on employee performance through compensation with a path coefficient of 0.406. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the management of PT Pelindo Regional 2 prioritize a fair and performance-based compensation system, as it has been proven to be the most dominant factor in improving employee performance. Furthermore, career development and competence enhancement should be accompanied by proportional rewards and welfare improvements to ensure productive outcomes and encourage optimal employee contributions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Roy Qurrotu Ainin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
HIERARCHICAL REGRESSION MODELING TO DETERMINE THE DOMINANT MICRO-MACRO ECONOMIC FACTORS IN THE SHARIA STOCK SECTOR
The health pandemic several years ago had a significant impact on various sectors, especially companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study was motivated by fluctuations in the price of sharia stocks or the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) after the Indonesian government officially lifted the pandemic status. By combining macroeconomic and company fundamental factors with hierarchical regression analysis techniques, this study aims to identify which combination of factors influences the return on shares in this sector after the pandemic. The results show that the performance of returns on shares in the sharia sector is dominated by fundamental factors, namely Total Asset Turn Over (TATO) and Return on Assets (ROA). The main finding from this research is that post-pandemic, the performance of the Islamic stock sector is still dominated by corporate fundamental factors, which are efficiency and profitability. The limitation of this research lies in the data range, and it would be very interesting to continue with a longer time period. The technical contribution of this research is that it can provide an overview for investors when deciding to invest, so that they can focus more on corporate fundamental factors first.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aldi Akbar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING HISTORY AND THE INCIDENCE OF STUNTING AMONG CHILDREN AGED 0–24 MONTHS AT JOHAR BARU DISTRICT PRIMARY HEALTH CENTER, INDONESIA
This study was conducted to examine the association between exclusive breastfeeding history and stunting among children aged 0–24 months at the Johar Baru District Primary Health Center. A correlational study design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. The study involved 83 mothers with children aged 0–24 months, who were selected through random sampling. Data were obtained via structured interviews using a master table and subsequently analyzed using the chi-square test with a significance level set at 5%. The findings indicated that the majority of mothers were between 20 and 35 years of age (81.9%), did not have paid employment (68.9%), and had attained secondary to higher levels of education (78.3%). More than half of the respondents reported providing exclusive breastfeeding (56.6%), and most children were classified as not stunted (75.9%). Bivariate analysis revealed a statistically significant association between maternal age and the occurrence of stunting (p = 0.039). However, no significant associations were identified between maternal occupation (p = 0.159), maternal educational attainment (p = 0.203), or exclusive breastfeeding history (p = 0.925) and stunting incidence. The study concludes that stunting is influenced by multiple interrelated factors, indicating that its prevention cannot rely solely on exclusive breastfeeding. Comprehensive strategies involving sustained nutritional interventions, improved environmental sanitation, and appropriate caregiving practices are essential to effectively reduce stunting. Therefore, health professionals are encouraged to continue promoting exclusive breastfeeding while simultaneously addressing other contributing factors that support optimal child growth and development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dyah Woro Kartiko Kusumo Wardani, Crisilya Sapulette, Kusuma Dini, Ni Nyoman Sri Artina Dewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
REFRAMING PHILANTHROPY: STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION AND THE ECOLOGY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Philanthropy has increasingly evolved from a form of charitable assistance into a strategic actor within sustainable development processes. However, much of the existing practice and literature still treats philanthropy as an isolated or supplementary intervention, limiting its potential to generate systemic and long-term impact. This article aims to critically examine the role of philanthropic institutions within a broader ecosystem of sustainable development, emphasizing the importance of multi-stakeholder collaboration involving government, the private sector, academia, and local communities. Using a qualitative literature review with a conceptual and analytical orientation, this study synthesizes scholarly works on philanthropy, collaborative governance, corporate social responsibility, Islamic philanthropy, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with a particular focus on Indonesia and the Global South. The analysis demonstrates that philanthropic contributions become more effective and sustainable when embedded within an integrated development ecology, rather than operating through fragmented and project-based approaches. The findings highlight philanthropy’s strategic roles as a catalyst for social innovation, a bridge between sectors, and a facilitator of long-term social investment. Islamic philanthropic instruments such as zakat and productive waqf further illustrate how value-based financial mechanisms can support inclusive development when professionally managed and aligned with national and global development agendas. This study contributes conceptually by reframing philanthropy as a system-level change agent within a sustainable development ecology, offering an integrative lens for understanding collaboration, governance, and impact. The article concludes that sustainable development is best achieved not through isolated institutional efforts, but through coordinated, trust-based ecosystems in which philanthropy plays a transformative and connective role.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eko Muliansyah, Muh Gani Irwansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
DIGITAL PHILANTHROPY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ECOSYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY OF ONLINE LITERACY PRACTICES IN AN INDONESIAN ZAKAT INSTITUTION
This study investigates the transformative role of digital philanthropy and online literacy practices within an Indonesian zakat institution, framing philanthropy as a critical actor in sustainable development ecosystems. Employing a qualitative literature-based case study approach, augmented by systematic document and media content analysis of institutional publications, social media, and mass media reports, the research synthesizes global literature with Indonesian scholarship. Findings reveal that digital philanthropy in Indonesia actively contributes to sustainable development goals by strategically channeling Islamic philanthropy for societal impact and national welfare. Digital platforms facilitate enhanced stakeholder collaboration, fostering greater engagement and transparency. The study also illuminates the opportunities and challenges for governance within this digital ecosystem, highlighting issues such as data protection, accountability, and the need for robust regulatory frameworks. Theoretically, this research reframes philanthropy as an ecosystem-based development actor, emphasizes the transformative impact of digitalization, and enriches global discussions by integrating unique Indonesian perspectives on sustainable development, collaborative governance, and Islamic social finance. This offers an empirically grounded understanding of how cultural heritage, technological innovation, and development aspirations intersect in a significant Global South context.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eko Muliansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT ON RESILIENCE IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV AIDS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) face multiple psychosocial challenges, including stigma, discrimination, and mental health problems that may reduce quality of life and treatment adherence. Resilience and psychosocial support are recognized as important protective factors that help PLWHA adapt positively to these challenges; however, existing evidence remains fragmented and has not been comprehensively synthesized. This study aimed to examine the role of psychosocial support in strengthening resilience and its implications for mental health among PLWHA through a systematic review approach. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across national and international scientific databases, including quantitative, qualitative, and review studies that addressed resilience, psychosocial support, and mental health among PLWHA, with a particular focus on Asian settings. Articles were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings indicate that psychosocial support—such as support from family, peers, and healthcare providers—plays a significant role in enhancing resilience among PLWHA. Higher levels of resilience are consistently associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety, as well as improved psychological well-being and quality of life. In conclusion, psychosocial support is essential in strengthening resilience and promoting mental health among PLWHA, highlighting the importance of integrating psychosocial interventions into HIV/AIDS care services to support long-term well-being and adaptive coping.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gusni Rahma, Lenny Utama Afriyenti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
HOLISTIC LIFE SPIRITUALITY INSPIRATION FROM HENRICUS LEVEN
Holistic spirituality is an approach to life that integrates the physical, mental, social, and religious dimensions. In the context of the rapid development of modern society, the concept of holistic spirituality is increasingly relevant as a response to the crisis of meaning, stress, and human alienation. This article examines Hendrikus Leven's ideas on holistic spirituality, which emphasize self-balance, harmonious relationships with others, and a deep connection with God and the universe. Through a descriptive-analytical approach, this discussion illustrates the contribution of Leven's thinking to enriching the understanding of modern spirituality, including its relevance to personal life, education, pastoral care, and character development. This study concludes that Hendrikus Leven's holistic spirituality can become a paradigm for life renewal that touches all aspects of human existence and offers a path to building a more meaningful, balanced, and sustainable life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lusia Kolir Assan, Maria Fransiska Entali Kedang, Lusia Lodan Odjan, Yohanes Hermianus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
INCLUSIVE CARE MODELS ELDERLY HEALTHCARE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
This study applied a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify, appraise, and synthesize open-access empirical evidence on inclusive care models in elderly healthcare. The review followed PRISMA 2020 and searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, DOAJ, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Eligible articles were original research (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods) focusing on service delivery or care models for older adults and explicitly addressing inclusivity, integration, person-centeredness, or collaborative care, with full-text availability in English or Indonesian. From 1,280 records, 1,010 unique articles were screened, 80 full texts were assessed, and 10 studies were included in the final synthesis. Across studies, inclusive elderly care was most consistently implemented through integrated, person-centred, team-based delivery combining comprehensive assessment, individualized care planning, coordinated follow-up, and cross-sector collaboration. Stronger benefits were typically observed among frail older adults when care intensity was aligned with comlplex needs by risk stratification and case management. Mental health integration emerged as a critical component for community-dwelling older adults, supporting the integration of psychological care into routine elderly healthcare pathways rather than parallel programs. Evidence from institutional settings indicated that partnership-based models involving nurses, caregivers, and older adults can improve functional outcomes. Overall, the findings support scaling integrated community and institutional partnership approaches, while future research should strengthen reporting on implementation fidelity, equity impacts, and cost-effectiveness to guide sustainable adoption of inclusive, gerontic-friendly care models.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yulia, Gusni Rahma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
STRATEGI INTEGRASI NILAI SPIRITUALITAS DAN PENDIDIKAN KERAKTER DLM KONTES BUDAYA LOKAL UNTUK PEBENTUKAN GENERASI BERAKLHAK MULIAH
This study examines strategies for integrating spiritual values and character education based on local wisdom in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia. NTT has a unique socio-cultural characteristic in which Christian and Catholic values have been deeply inculturated into indigenous traditions and customary practices. This qualitative research aims to formulate a model of character education that remains firmly rooted in local cultural foundations (indigenous knowledge) rather than being detached from them. The findings indicate that local concepts such as Moat Gede (Sikka), Suu/Woe (Ngada/Ende), and Loke Nggerang (Manggarai) can function as effective instruments for cultivating noble moral character. The study concludes that the formation of youth character in NTT will achieve optimal outcomes when educational institutions are able to carry out a meaningful “reconciliation” between religious dogma, the formal curriculum, and customary ethical values.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Bita Boro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF BRAND IMAGE, PRICE, PROMOTION, AND DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS ON PURCHASE DECISIONS OF DOMESTICALLY PRODUCED INDUSTRIAL LED LIGHTING
This study explores the role of brand image, price, promotion, and distribution channels in shaping consumer purchasing decisions for domestically produced industrial LED lighting products. A quantitative research approach was employed using a survey method, with data analyzed through multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that the proposed model is statistically significant, demonstrating that all marketing mix elements jointly influence purchasing decisions. Each variable also shows a positive and significant individual effect, with distribution channels emerging as the most influential factor in driving consumer decisions. This suggests that ease of access, product availability, and effective distribution play a critical role in the adoption of industrial LED products. The novelty of this research lies in empirically integrating marketing mix factors within the context of domestically manufactured LED products, an area that has received limited scholarly attention. The study offers practical implications for manufacturers, emphasizing the importance of strengthening distribution strategies and aligning pricing and promotional efforts to enhance consumer purchasing decisions
Copyright (c) 2026 Devi Laksmi, Udin Ahidin, Kasmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE COMPARISON OF RESISTANCE OF KCL POLYMER POLYAMINE'S MUD TO HIGH TEMPERATURE
X is a company engaged in non-construction oil & gas services, namely water base mud (polyamine based) management services, supply of chemical materials, laboratory equipment, and drilling fluid engineers for oil and gas drilling. problems encountered when drilling through formations containing reactive clay and shale which can cause swelling clay problems and formation damage. This problem can be overcome with a high performance water based mud (HPWBM) mud system which has a super shale inhibition (polyamine) component. Mud which is formulated with the concept of total inhibitor, has inhibitory properties that can stabilize mineral clay and shale. The of this final assignment are to identify and study the high performance water base mud (HPWBM) mud system, then to know the ratio of good polyamines to be used in the KCL polymer polyamine mud formulation, then to look for the value of the physical properties of the KCL polymer polyamine mud formulation. to meet the oil company spec. This test begins with testing the mud properties of the KCl polymer polyamine mud sample from PT. Mitra Mandiri Saktitama before being exposed to Temperature and after being exposed to Temperature. Then analyze the changes in the value of the mud properties that have been made and the specifications of their physical properties, so that they can look for changes in the values of the mud properties of KCl polymer polyamine mud that fall within the specified range of mud properties. This test is carried out under the conditions of a room temperature of 78-300°F.
Copyright (c) 2026 Desi kusrini kusrini, Andi Vira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
BUSINESS MODEL ANALYSIS OF A CULINARY MICROENTERPRISE USING THE BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS FRAMEWORK
This study analyzes the business model of a culinary microenterprise in Indonesia using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) framework proposed by Osterwalder and Pigneur (2010). A qualitative descriptive method was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that although the enterprise has not formally implemented a structured business model, all nine elements of the BMC are naturally reflected in its operational practices. The customer segments consist of students, workers, and the wider community seeking affordable and fast-serving meals. The value propositions emphasize affordability, consistent flavors, and friendly customer service. Key resources include human resources, equipment, raw materials, and financial capital, while key partnerships involve employees, suppliers, and customers. Revenue streams arise from food and beverage sales and delivery services, supported by direct sales channels and simple promotional strategies. This study aligns with the literature highlighting the importance of BMC in strengthening MSME competitiveness (Alifiyah & Budiman, 2021; Dwisanto & Ifghaniyafi, 2024). The findings contribute to MSME development research by demonstrating the relevance of the BMC as a strategic tool for enhancing sustainability in small-scale culinary businesses.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diana Sari, M.Oktavianur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
BRANDING STRATEGIES AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF MICRO AND SMALL COFFEE ENTERPRISES: A QUALITATIVE CASE STUDY OF 360 COFFEE IN INDONESIA
Branding has emerged as a strategic asset for micro and small enterprises (MSEs) to enhance competitiveness in increasingly saturated markets. This study investigates the role of branding strategies in strengthening the competitive advantage of a micro-scale coffee shop in Indonesia, namely 360 Coffee. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis involving business owners, employees, and customers. The findings reveal that brand identity consistency, emotional engagement with consumers, product differentiation, and service experience significantly contribute to customer loyalty and market positioning. However, the study also identifies challenges related to limited strategic branding planning, constrained resources, and suboptimal digital branding utilization. These findings support previous studies emphasizing that effective branding enables MSEs to create perceived value beyond functional attributes (Kotler & Keller, 2016; Wijoyo et al., 2021). This research contributes to the literature on small business branding by providing empirical evidence from a local coffee enterprise and offers practical insights for MSE owners seeking sustainable competitive advantage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fashi Septiani, Irsandi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
BUSINESS MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND STRATEGIC INNOVATION FOR STRENGTHENING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES IN INDONESIA
This study examines the development of business models and strategic innovation as key mechanisms for enhancing the competitiveness of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Indonesia. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research analyzes how MSEs adapt to changing market dynamics, consumer preferences, and digital transformation pressures. The findings reveal that innovation in value propositions, customer engagement, and digital marketing plays a significant role in improving business performance. The study also highlights that many MSEs have not yet implemented structured business model frameworks, resulting in limited scalability and reduced competitiveness. The analysis is grounded in the Business Model Canvas (BMC) framework, which is used to identify strategic gaps and opportunity areas. The study concludes that strengthening business models through innovation, partnership development, and digital integration can significantly enhance MSE sustainability and long-term competitiveness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sunggales Rangga Gustiano, Agus Purnomo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRIKUDA BUSINESS MODEL AS AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE TO ENHANCE ECONOMIC VALUE USING THE BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS APPROACH
The global demand for energy continues to increase alongside population growth and rapid industrial development, while dependence on fossil fuels remains high. This presents challenges related to environmental degradation, carbon emissions, and concerns over long-term energy availability. Biomass-based alternative energy has emerged as one of the strategic solutions to support sustainable energy transitions, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. One potential biomass source that remains underutilized is horse manure, which can be processed into briquettes known as Brikuda. This study aims to analyze the potential of Brikuda as an alternative energy source and to develop a sustainable business model using the Business Model Canvas (BMC). A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, involving in-depth interviews, direct observations, and analysis of secondary data. The findings reveal that Brikuda has strong potential as a renewable fuel due to the abundant availability of horse manure in Bandar Lampung. It offers economic benefits, reduces environmental pollution, and supports local empowerment. The Business Model Canvas analysis shows that farmers and livestock breeders are the primary customer segments, while the value proposition emphasizes affordability, environmental friendliness, and ease of use. The study concludes that the Brikuda business model can enhance local economic value, promote sustainable waste management, and serve as a feasible alternative energy innovation. The research contributes to the development of renewable energy entrepreneurship and provides a reference for policy formulation in promoting local-based bioenergy initiatives.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rio Firmansyah, M.Oktaviannur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
BRANDING AND DIGITAL PROMOTION STRATEGIES OF STREET COFFEE MSMES TO ENHANCE SALES COMPETITIVENESS: A CASE STUDY IN KOTABUMI, INDONESIA
The rapid growth of Indonesia’s coffee industry has intensified competition among micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), particularly street coffee businesses that rely on simple concepts, affordability, and accessibility. This study aims to analyze branding and digital promotion strategies implemented by street coffee MSMEs in Kotabumi, North Lampung, to enhance sales competitiveness. A qualitative case study approach was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with business owners and employees, direct observation, and documentation of digital promotional activities on social media platforms. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that branding strategies were implemented through brand identity development, including business name, logo, color consistency, booth design, and product differentiation. Digital promotion strategies mainly utilized Instagram, TikTok, and WhatsApp Business through product photos, coffee-making videos, and promotional content. These strategies positively impacted market reach, customer acquisition, and sales stability. However, several constraints were identified, such as limited resources, inconsistent visual identity, and suboptimal content management. This study concludes that consistent branding and planned digital promotion are essential to strengthening competitiveness and ensuring the sustainability of street coffee MSMEs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Ilham, Irsandi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE STRATEGY BASED ON PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION: A QUALITATIVE CASE STUDY OF A BAKERY MSME IN BANDAR LAMPUNG, INDONESIA
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in strengthening local and national economies, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. Increasing market competition, digital transformation, and changing consumer preferences have forced SMEs to continuously develop competitive strategies in order to survive and grow sustainably. This study aims to analyze a competitive advantage strategy based on product differentiation implemented by Roti Kaisar, a bakery micro-enterprise located in Kemiling District, Bandar Lampung. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation. SWOT analysis was employed to identify internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats affecting business competitiveness. The findings reveal that Roti Kaisar’s competitive advantage is driven by consistent product quality, independent production processes, diverse product variations, and strong customer loyalty. However, the enterprise also faces challenges such as limited production capacity, suboptimal digital marketing, and fluctuating raw material prices. The results indicate that product differentiation strategies—supported by innovation, improved packaging, digital marketing utilization, and local brand strengthening are effective in enhancing competitive positioning and supporting sustainable business growth for bakery MSMEs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adi Priyatna, Agus Purnomo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
POSITIONING DIGITAL LITERACY IN MODERN PESANTREN: TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS AND EDUCATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION
Digital literacy has become an essential competence in modern education; however, its implementation in pesantren presents distinctive dynamics, particularly when institutions restrict students’ access to digital devices while simultaneously encouraging teachers to master digital literacy. This study aims to examine how digital literacy is positioned, perceived, and implemented in the learning process at Pesantren Ar-Raudlatul Hasanah as one of Indonesia’s modern pesantren. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation of classroom practices and pesantren activities, and analysis of institutional documents. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify relevant patterns and key themes. The findings reveal that digital literacy in the pesantren is positioned primarily as a learning resource mediated by teachers rather than as an individual competence freely accessible to students. Teachers’ perceptions of digital literacy are reflective and selective, shaped by moral and scholarly responsibility, concern for students’ ethical conduct (adab), and apprehension regarding the negative impacts of the digital environment. In terms of implementation, digital literacy is applied in a limited and functional manner through teachers’ use of digital learning media, basic computer courses for students, cultural and extracurricular pesantren activities, and the digitalization of institutional administrative systems. This study concludes that the pesantren has developed a contextual and ethically grounded model of digital literacy, in which technology functions as a supportive educational tool without displacing core values, scholarly authority, or the primary goal of students’ character formation. These findings contribute empirical insights to the growing body of research on digital literacy within the context of Islamic education, particularly in modern pesantren
Copyright (c) 2026 Marnang Saing, Hadi Saputra Panggabean, Yunus, Nafiza Fadia Anwar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
APPLICATION OF Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. EXTRACT WITH LOCAL MICROORGANISMS FORMULATION Solanum lycopersicum (L.) AND Saccharum officinarum Linn. BAGASSE IN ORGANOSOL SOIL MEDIUM ON THE GROWTH OF Brassica oleracea (L.) Alboglabra Group PLANTS
Organosol soil has a very high content, but has a low soil acidity (pH) (acidic). As well as the occurrence of very slow decomposition of organic matter. The treatment with Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. extract, which contains bioactive compounds such as bromelain enzymes, organic acids, and simple sugars, can accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and support the activity of soil microorganisms. The Local Microorganisms (MoL) applied, such as Solanum lycopersicum (L.) and Saccharum officinarum Linn., contain various functional microbes such as Lactobacillus sp., Saccharomyces sp., and Azotobacter sp., which play a role in nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilisation, and organic matter decomposition. Overall, the results of research and observations conducted on Organosol soil media treated with Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. extract with the addition of Local Microorganisms (MoL) Solanum lycopersicum (L.) and Saccharum officinarum Linn. has been proven to effectively improve the chemical properties and fertility of Organosol soil through its role in increasing microbial activity and accelerating the decomposition of organic matter. This indicates that innovations in the application of fruit and the role of local microorganisms have the potential to be developed as environmentally friendly technologies for sustainable soil management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erwin Junaidi Lubis, Sartika Pakpahan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ULTILIZATION OF SOLID ORGANICS FROM LARVAE Oryctes rhinoceros (Linn.) SCARABAEUS.: KOLARHINO AND LOCAL MICROORGANISMS FROM Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. ON THE SUSTAINABILITY OF HISTOSOL SOIL FERTILITY AND HEALTH
The excrement of horned beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros (Linn.) Scarabeus.) larvae, namely Kolarhino, in the soil of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plants contains minerals that can and can improve soil fertility and health. These larvae contain minerals that can fertilize the soil, such as zinc (Zn), felium (Fe), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) which are important for plant growth and soil health. Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. plants contain many carbohydrates and sources of nutrients needed by microbes to multiply. The mineral content of gambas in the process of local microorganisms for soil fertility is calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and felium (Fe) which are very supportive in the process of soil fertility. In this study, the mixture given to Histosol soil is the content of Oryctes rhinoceros (Linn.) Scarabaeus. larvae faeces: Kolarhino and Local Microorganisms (MoL) of Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. gave a positive impact on Histosol soil both physically and chemically.
THE PHENOMENON OF SIRI MARRIAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW
From an Islamic perspective, marriage is not merely a civil matter, nor merely a family or cultural matter, but also relates to religious issues and events, as it is conducted to fulfill the provisions of Allah SWT and the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). A siri marriage is a marriage conducted without official state registration, thus having significant legal implications for women and children. While religiously, this marriage is considered valid, from a state legal perspective, unregistered marriages result in women losing their rights as wives, such as the right to maintenance, inheritance rights, and legal protection within the household. Furthermore, women in siri marriages lack a strong legal basis to file for divorce or assert their rights in court. Meanwhile, children born from siri marriages have only a civil relationship with their mothers, thus facing obstacles in obtaining birth certificates listing the father's name, inheritance rights, and rights to care and education from the father. Siri marriages are also often used as a way to freely practice polygamy without following proper procedures.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sawaluddin Siregar, Indra Sakti, Iqbal Pinayungan Munthe, Putra Halomoan Hasibuan, Purnama Hidayah Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING METHODS IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION TO STRENGTHEN STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS AT THE SIMALUNGUN STATE ISLAMIC SCHOOL
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method in Islamic Religious Education and its contribution to strengthening students' critical thinking skills at MA Negeri Simalungun. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were obtained through classroom observation, interviews with teachers and students, and documentation of learning tools and evaluation results. Data analysis was conducted interactively through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, with data validity maintained through source and technique triangulation. The results showed that the application of PBL in Islamic Religious Education learning can be carried out systematically through the stages of problem orientation, group discussion, investigation, presentation of results, and reflection. The implementation of PBL encourages active student involvement in the learning process and has a positive impact on strengthening critical thinking skills, as evidenced by an increase in students' ability to identify problems, analyze information, evaluate arguments, and draw logical and contextual conclusions based on Islamic values. This study concludes that the Problem-Based Learning method is an effective learning approach to improve the quality of Islamic Religious Education learning and develop students' critical thinking skills in Madrasah Aliyah. Therefore, PBL is recommended as an alternative PAI learning strategy that is relevant to the demands of 21st-century education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Faisal Hamid, Mhd. Habibu Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE IMPACT OF INSTAGRAM INSIGHT UTILIZATION ON CONSUMER PURCHASE DECISIONS AT RUMAH MADU IN BANDAR LAMPUNG
The rapid development of digital marketing has significantly transformed business strategies, particularly for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Instagram has evolved beyond a social networking platform into a strategic marketing tool equipped with analytical features such as Instagram Insight. This study aims to examine the effect of Instagram Insight utilization on consumer purchase decisions at Rumah Madu, an MSME operating in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. This research adopts a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected from 92 respondents through structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 27. The independent variable is the utilization of Instagram Insight, measured through three dimensions: follower demographic analysis, follower active time analysis, and content performance analysis. The dependent variable is consumer purchase decision. Statistical analysis includes validity and reliability testing, classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity), simple linear regression, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination (R²). The results suggest that Instagram Insight functions primarily as an internal strategic evaluation tool rather than a direct determinant of consumer purchasing behavior. This study contributes to the digital marketing literature by highlighting the gap between analytic tool utilization and actual consumer conversion in MSMEs. Practical implications emphasize the need for better data interpretation skills and integrated marketing strategies beyond analytics usage alone.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilham Maulana Ramadhan, Suci Asfarani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF SERVICE QUALITY AND CONSUMER SATISFACTION ON PURCHASE DECISIONS: A CASE STUDY OF NAIL ART SERVICES AT GLOSSE NAIL STUDIO
The beauty service industry has experienced rapid growth in recent years, particularly in specialized services such as nail art. In a highly competitive market, service quality and consumer satisfaction are considered critical factors influencing purchase decisions. This study aims to analyze the influence of service quality and consumer satisfaction on consumer purchase decisions at Glosse Nail Studio. This research employs a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected from customers of Glosse Nail Studio through structured questionnaires. Service quality is measured using dimensions adapted from SERVQUAL, including tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Consumer satisfaction is measured based on customers’ overall evaluation of service performance, while purchase decision is assessed through indicators reflecting consumer intention and actual buying behavior. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software, including validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, t-tests, F-tests, and coefficient of determination (R²). The results indicate that service quality has a positive and significant effect on consumer purchase decisions. Furthermore, consumer satisfaction also significantly influences purchase decisions. Simultaneously, service quality and consumer satisfaction significantly affect purchase decisions, indicating that higher perceived service performance leads to greater customer satisfaction and ultimately strengthens purchasing decisions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mely Anggraini, Riswan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
RESPONSE OF MUSLIM INTELLECTUAL GROUPS TO DUTCH COLONIAL EDUCATION IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY
Islamic Education and Colonial Education are two methods to educate the Indonesian people, especially in Java. Islamic Education and Colonial Education have their own advantages for society. Islamic Education tends to be more religious, while Colonial Education tends to be secular and liberal. Each education has a different teaching system because it has different goals and targets according to the interests of the government in power at that time. This research method uses a historical method that is based on four things as usual, namely: heuristics, criticism, verification and historiography. Because this event is a political history, the researcher uses a socio-political approach to analyze it. On the other hand, assisted by the challenge and response theory developed by Arnold Toynbe. According to this theory, culture occurs because of challenges and answers between humans and their surroundings. The results of this study indicate that the existence of racial and discriminatory Dutch colonial government education resulted in the emergence of forms of resistance in the field of education. This phenomenon results in the birth of Islamic boarding schools and private schools such as: Tebu Ireng Islamic Boarding School (1899), Tambak Beras Islamic Boarding School (1919) East Java, Krapyak Islamic Boarding School, Yogyakarta (1911), Sukamanah Islamic Boarding School, Cipasung Tasikmalaya, West Java (1930). As for private schools (private) namely Muhammadiyah School (1912), Taman Siswa (1922) and Nahdlatul Ulama (1926).
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Sirfi Fatoni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
INTERNALIZATION OF METAPHYSICAL VALUES IN ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN THE MODERN ERA
Islamic Religious Education (IRE) in the modern era is often trapped in an approach that is overly textual, dogmatic, and focused solely on legal aspects (fiqh) and rituals. This results in the marginalisation of the metaphysical dimensions of Islam—such as the concept of divinity (uluhiyah), the nature of humanity, the unseen world, the purpose of creation, and the spiritual relationship with Allah—which are in fact the foundation of the meaning and intrinsic motivation of all religious teachings. Without the internalisation of these metaphysical values, religious education risks becoming formalistic and unable to respond to existential challenges and spiritual crises amid the onslaught of materialism and secularisation in the modern world. This article aims to analyse the urgency and strategies for internalising metaphysical values within the framework of contemporary Islamic Religious Education, as well as to formulate an approach model relevant to the modern era. This study uses a qualitative method with a philosophical-analytical library research approach. Data were collected from primary sources such as the Qur'an, Hadith, and the works of classical and contemporary Islamic thinkers on education and metaphysics. The analysis was conducted hermeneutically and deductively to develop a conceptual framework. The analysis shows that the internalisation of metaphysical values in PAI is crucial for: (1) building a holistic Islamic worldview, (2) developing a deep spiritual awareness (ihsan), (3) providing a solid moral foundation that transcends positive law, and (4) creating mental-spiritual resilience in facing modern complexities. To achieve this, it is necessary to reorient the PAI curriculum to integrate metaphysical elements through an interdisciplinary approach (linking it to science, psychology, and philosophy), reflective and contemplative learning methods (such as tadabbur and tafakkur), and the use of digital technology as a medium for creative spiritual exploration.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mega Dini Fitriani, Mhd. Habibu Rahman, Fajar Rahman, Elsa Padia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
EVALUATION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION LEARNING IN STRENGTHENING STUDENTS’ RELIGIOUS MODERATION AT SMP ISLAM TERPADU BANGKINANG
This study aims to evaluate the implementation of Islamic Religious Education (Pendidikan Agama Islam/PAI) learning in strengthening students’ religious moderation at SMP Islam Terpadu Bangkinang. Religious moderation is conceptualized as a religious attitude that emphasizes balance, tolerance, justice, and respect for diversity, which are essential values in maintaining social harmony within pluralistic societies. In the Indonesian educational context, Islamic Religious Education plays a strategic role not only in developing students’ religious knowledge but also in shaping moderate religious attitudes that prevent intolerance and extremism. Therefore, systematic evaluation of PAI learning is crucial to ensure that religious moderation values are effectively internalized by students. This study employs a qualitative approach with an evaluative research design to comprehensively examine how religious moderation values are integrated into PAI learning. The evaluation focuses on three main aspects: learning planning, learning implementation, and learning evaluation. Data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with Islamic Religious Education teachers and students, and documentation analysis of learning instruments such as lesson plans, syllabi, and assessment tools. These data collection techniques were employed to obtain an in-depth understanding of instructional practices, teacher–student interactions, and assessment strategies related to the cultivation of religious moderation values. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive model involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing to ensure systematic and credible findings. The findings reveal that PAI learning at SMP Islam Terpadu Bangkinang has integrated religious moderation values into learning objectives and instructional planning. Teachers explicitly formulate learning goals that emphasize tolerance, balance, and mutual respect, while learning materials are contextualized to students’ social realities. During the learning implementation stage, teachers apply dialogical and participatory teaching methods, such as discussions and case-based learning, to encourage students to critically reflect on religious issues and social diversity. These approaches provide students with opportunities to understand differing perspectives and develop moderate religious attitudes in a reflective and respectful manner. However, the study also identifies several challenges in the implementation of religious moderation-based learning. The use of contextual and innovative instructional methods remains limited, and learning activities tend to rely on conventional approaches. Moreover, the evaluation of religious moderation attitudes has not yet been conducted systematically. Assessment instruments primarily focus on cognitive achievement, while affective and attitudinal dimensions—such as tolerance, openness, and balanced religious behavior—are not comprehensively measured using structured indicators or rubrics. This limitation affects the accuracy of evaluating students’ overall development of religious moderation. This study concludes that continuous and systematic evaluation of Islamic Religious Education learning is essential to enhance the effectiveness of strengthening religious moderation among students. The development of more comprehensive, contextual, and sustainable assessment instruments is necessary to holistically measure students’ cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions. In addition, the adoption of more dynamic and participatory instructional strategies is recommended to support deeper internalization of religious moderation values. The findings of this study contribute to the discourse on Islamic education and religious moderation by providing empirical insights into evaluative practices at the secondary school level and offering practical implications for improving PAI learning in pluralistic educational settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diky Ardha Sundawa, Tumiran, Nurul Husna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LOVE-BASED ISLAMIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM IN SHAPING STUDENT CHARACTER AT SABILINA TEMBUNG PRIVATE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Love-Based Islamic Education Curriculum in shaping students' character at Sabilina Tembung Private Junior High School. The research employs a qualitative approach with an exploratory case study design, focusing on the subjective experiences of both Islamic Education teachers and students regarding the application of love-based values in Islamic Education. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis, involving Islamic Education teachers and students from various grade levels. The findings indicate that the Love-Based Islamic Education Curriculum significantly enhances students' discipline, empathy, and social interaction. Storytelling and self-reflection methods were found to be effective in helping students internalize the values of love towards Allah, the Prophet, fellow humans, and nature. However, key challenges identified include the limited availability of relevant teaching materials and students' difficulties in applying love values outside the classroom. The study also highlights the importance of parental and community involvement in supporting the implementation of the Love-Based Islamic Education Curriculum beyond the school environment. The research recommends the development of more applicable teaching materials, ongoing teacher training, and stronger collaboration with parents to reinforce the values of love in students' daily lives. This study contributes significantly to the development of love-based curricula in Indonesian private schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suyono, Bahtiar Siregar, Zikriya Husna Aulia Putri, Aulia Ramadhani Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT, CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT, AND PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL ON PRODUCTIVITY OF VETERINARY STAFF IN LARAS SATWA CLINIC
This systematic literature review examined 40 high-quality empirical studies to synthesize evidence regarding how talent management, continuous improvement, and performance appraisal influence employee productivity across organizational contexts. The findings reveal that talent management creates direct and moderated effects on employee productivity through organizational culture and employee involvement mechanisms. Continuous improvement methodologies, including Lean Six Sigma approaches, yield simultaneous improvements in both productivity and quality outcomes, with demonstrated effectiveness in service-oriented sectors. Performance appraisal systems enhance employee productivity through clarified performance expectations, developmental feedback, and strengthened accountability mechanisms. A critical finding is that integrating these three human resource management domains produces synergistic effects that exceed the sum of isolated interventions, demonstrating multiplicative rather than additive productivity gains through mutually reinforcing mechanisms. The 40 included studies employed balanced methodological approaches including quantitative surveys, structural equation modeling, qualitative investigations, and empirical case studies, with 65% published in 2024-2025 reflecting contemporary human resource management practices. This systematic evidence synthesis establishes that veterinary clinics implementing comprehensive integrated approaches addressing talent management, continuous improvement, and performance appraisal simultaneously would achieve superior productivity outcomes while addressing the profession's unique emotional labor demands and animal welfare responsibilities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ady Sasmita, Andini Nurwulandari, Irma Setyawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE USE OF FINTECH AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY ON THE DIGITAL SHOPPING BEHAVIOR OF GENERATION Z UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN INDONESIA
This study examines the relationship between financial literacy, fintech usage, and digital shopping behavior among Generation Z university students in Indonesia, as well as the mediating role of fintech usage in this relationship. Data were collected from student respondents using purposive sampling and analyzed with path analysis. The results indicate that financial literacy significantly increases fintech usage, and fintech usage positively influences digital shopping behavior. The direct effect of financial literacy on digital shopping behavior becomes insignificant when fintech usage is included in the model, indicating that fintech usage fully mediates this relationship. These findings suggest that financial literacy encourages students to be more active in using fintech, and it is the intensity of fintech usage that drives their digital shopping behavior. This study highlights the importance of strengthening financial literacy and understanding financial technology to foster healthy financial behavior among students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zeze Zakaria Hamzah, Mujito, Herman, Wahid Akbar Basudani, Vionita Qatrunnada https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL CONTEXT ON LUXURY VALUE PERCEPTION AND PURCHASE INTENTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN INDONESIA AND AUSTRALIA IN THE AFFORDABLE LUXURY FASHION SEGMENT
The rapid growth of the global affordable luxury fashion segment presents a critical paradox, as luxury brands increasingly target culturally diverse consumers who interpret the meaning of luxury in fundamentally different ways. This phenomenon becomes particularly evident when comparing collectivist markets such as Indonesia with individualistic markets such as Australia, where uniform value propositions often fail to resonate equally. This study aims to examine the influence of cultural context on Luxury Value Perception (LVP) and Purchase Intention, as well as the moderating role of Individualism–Collectivism orientation among affordable luxury fashion consumers in Indonesia and Australia. A quantitative survey-based approach was employed and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), complemented by Measurement Invariance of Composite Models (MICOM) and Multi-Group Analysis (MGA). The findings are expected to provide empirical insights into how cultural differences shape luxury value perceptions and purchase intentions, offering strategic implications for affordable luxury fashion brands in developing culturally adaptive value propositions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lucky Roy Saputra, Putu Nina Madiawati, Mahir Pradana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN OF RESTRICTED SECURITY AREA FENCING TO ENHANCE AIRPORT SECURITY
This study aims to develop a technically compliant and economically feasible design for a Restricted Security Area (RSA) perimeter fence surrounding Substation 7, the Chiller facility, and the Ground Water Tank (GWT) at Kertajati International Airport. These facilities constitute critical operational infrastructure supporting electricity distribution, terminal cooling systems, and water supply, including fire suppression reserves. Field observations identified the absence of a regulation-compliant perimeter protection system, exposing the utility cluster to unauthorized access and operational risk. The research employed a quantitative descriptive–analytical approach integrating field measurement, engineering design modeling, volume computation, and cost estimation based on the 2024 Majalengka Regional Standard Unit Price. Technical evaluation referred to national aviation security regulations and ICAO Annex 17 principles. A BRC (British Reinforced Concrete) fence system with a total height of 3.20 meters (2.40 m fence body and 0.80 m concertina wire) was proposed. The structural configuration includes reinforced concrete isolated footings, tie beams (sloof), and a bottom plinth beam to ensure lateral stability and anti-climb resistance. The total perimeter length of 313.74 meters ensures complete enclosure of the critical facilities. The estimated total project cost amounts to IDR 509,553,000.00, including VAT. The results demonstrate that the proposed design is structurally reliable, regulation-compliant, and economically justified within a risk mitigation framework. The study contributes a replicable engineering and financial planning model for strengthening airport critical infrastructure protection and enhancing long-term operational resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Ardi Zulkarnain, Achmad Muhyidin Arifai, Deni Priansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
OPPO'S GLOBAL EXPANSION STRATEGY THROUGH TECHNOLOGY SUPPLY CHAIN OPTIMIZATION
This study analyzes OPPO's global expansion strategy through the optimization of its technology supply chain within the framework of the Global Value Chain (GVC). The smartphone industry has experienced rapid growth in recent decades, with increasingly fierce competition among leading manufacturers. OPPO, a Chinese technology company founded in 2004 and part of BBK Electronics Corporation, has demonstrated significant competitiveness in the global market despite facing challenges in maintaining its market share from 2021 to 2024. This study uses a descriptive qualitative methodology, analyzing primary data from OPPO's official documents and secondary data from industry reports and academic literature. Findings show that OPPO implements production sharing in strategic geographic locations, with design and development centralized in China and manufacturing spread across countries that offer labor or infrastructure advantages. The study shows that OPPO's global expansion follows the Uppsala Model of internationalization, starting with culturally and geographically close markets such as Southeast Asia before expanding to more distant regions. Through technology-based supply chain optimization, digital integration, and the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI)-based coordination systems, OPPO has developed the ability to manage complex global networks while overcoming geopolitical challenges and supply chain disruptions. This research contributes to understanding how technology companies from developing countries leverage the Global Value Chain to enhance international competitiveness, providing insights into the relationship between supply chain strategy and the success of global expansion in the highly competitive smartphone industry.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dhea Amanda Margareta, Andika Drajat Murdani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
STUDY OF PHOTOCATALYTIC HYDROGEN PRODUCTION OVER Ni-DOPED ZnO AND TiO₂ PHOTOCATALYSTS VIA CHEMICAL STABILIZATION
This study synthesized Ni-doped ZnO (Ni0.05Zn0.95O) and TiO2 (Ni0.05Ti0.95O2) via immersion-assisted coprecipitation for hydrogen production. UV-Vis confirmed bandgap reduction to 2.87 eV (ZnO) and 2.82 eV (TiO2), enabling visible light activity. XRD and SEM verified Ni incorporation and a significant reduction in crystal size (to 21 nm). To mitigate rapid particle sedimentation (25 min), sodium silicate was applied as a dispersant, successfully extending suspension stability to 4 hours. Notably, this chemical stabilization maintained a lower reactor temperature (49°C) compared to mechanical stirring (52°C), preventing efficiency loss due to thermal effects. Ni0.05Zn0.95O exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, attributed to its superior Ni atomic composition. This research demonstrates that combining Ni-doping with chemical dispersion effectively optimizes both the electronic and physical properties of photocatalysts for enhanced hydrogen harvesting.
Copyright (c) 2026 Frendi Maulana, Yohanes Engge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF WORK LIFE BALANCE AND JOB SATISFACTION ON TURNOVER INTENTION OF NON ASN WITH RESILIENCE AS A MODERATOR VARIABLE
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan menguji pengaruh work life balance dan kepuasan kerja terhadap turnover intention pegawai Non ASN Kabupaten Banyuasin. Selain itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar peran resiliensi dalam memoderasi hubungan antara work life balance dan kepuasan kerja terhadap turnover intention. Penelitian ini juga dimaksudkan untuk memberikan gambaran empiris mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi niat pegawai Non ASN dalam meninggalkan pekerjaan. The purpose of this study is to analyze and test the influence of work life balance and job satisfaction on the turnover intention of Non-ASN employees in Banyuasin Regency. In addition, this study aims to find out how much role resilience plays in moderating the relationship between work life balance and job satisfaction to turnover intention. This study is also intended to provide an empirical picture of the factors that affect the intention of Non-ASN employees in leaving their jobs. The results of the research are expected to be a basis for consideration for the Banyuasin Regency Government in formulating policies that improve the welfare, loyalty, and stability of the performance of Non-ASN employees. This study uses a quantitative approach with a type of causal associative research. With a population of 6,120 Non-ASN employees and an error rate of 5%, the number of samples needed is 376 respondents. Data analysis was carried out using the help of SmartPLS statistical software. Based on the results of the study, Work Life Balance and Job Satisfaction have a negative and significant effect on the Turnover Intention of Non-ASN employees in Banyuasin Regency. The better the work-life balance and the higher the job satisfaction, the lower the employee's intention to leave. Job satisfaction is the most dominant factor. In addition, resilience acts as a moderator that strengthens the negative influence of the two variables, so that it is able to suppress the tendency of turnover intention more effectively
Copyright (c) 2026 Andi Ricardy Purba, Syahrizal Bin Muhammad Syafii https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION TEACHING MATERIALS AQIDAH AKHLAK ELEMENT BASED ON RELIGIOUS MODERATION AT SMA NEGERI 1 PANYABUNGAN SELATAN
This study aims to develop Islamic Religious Education (IRE) teaching materials in the element of Aqidah and Akhlak based on religious moderation for eleventh-grade high school students. The background of this research lies in the limited availability of teaching materials that systematically integrate religious moderation values, whereas such values are crucial in shaping students’ character to become faithful, virtuous, and tolerant individuals in a pluralistic society. The research method employed is Research and Development (R&D), adopting the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The subjects of the trial involved material experts, media experts, Islamic Education teachers, and grade XI students. The research instruments included validation questionnaires, practicality questionnaires, and learning achievement tests. The collected data were analyzed using both quantitative descriptive and qualitative methods. The results indicate that the developed IRE teaching materials based on religious moderation are highly valid, with an average validity percentage of 89.58%. In terms of practicality, both teachers and students responded positively, categorizing the product as very practical and easy to use in the learning process. Regarding effectiveness, the use of these teaching materials successfully improved students’ learning outcomes, shown by the N-Gain score categorized as moderate, with 100% learning mastery achieved during the field trial. Therefore, this development contributes significantly to providing relevant, innovative, and contextual teaching media. The teaching materials not only facilitate cognitive competency achievement but also instill the values of religious moderation oriented toward strengthening faith, cultivating morality, and fostering tolerance, justice, and balance. This study is expected to serve as an alternative solution for curriculum development in Islamic Religious Education at the secondary level and as a reference for teachers in creating more meaningful learning
Copyright (c) 2026 Dakran, Anhar, Zainal Efendi Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
INTEGRATION OF PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A HOLISTIC COUNSELING MODEL
This study examines the integration of philosophy of science in the development of a holistic counseling model through a literature review of ten relevant articles. The results of the study show that philosophy of science plays a fundamental role through three integrated dimensions: ontology, which views humans as complex beings with biological, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions; epistemology, which integrates the paradigms of postpositivism, constructivism-interpretivism, and critical-ideological; and axiology, which emphasizes professional ethical values. The integration of these three dimensions enables counseling practices to be more meaningful, effective, and responsive to the complexity of contemporary issues. The main challenge faced is the gap in philosophical understanding among counseling practitioners. A holistic counseling model based on the integration of the philosophy of science is a theoretical and practical necessity for producing comprehensive counseling services that are appropriate to the Indonesian socio-cultural context.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuttami Keila Azahra, Patima Aprilia Azzahra, Zakia Amalia Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS (BMC) AS A BUSINESS STRATEGY AT WIN PRODUCTION WEDDING ORGANIZER IN BANDAR LAMPUNG CITY
The creative service industry, particularly wedding organizer services, has experienced significant growth in Indonesia due to changing lifestyles, increasing consumer expectations, and rising demand for professionally managed wedding events. This study aims to analyze the Business Model Canvas (BMC) as a business strategy at Win Production Wedding Organizer in Bandar Lampung City. The Business Model Canvas, introduced by Osterwalder and Pigneur (2010), is used as a strategic framework to examine nine key business elements: customer segments, value propositions, channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partnerships, and cost structure. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving business owners, employees, and customers. Data validity was ensured using triangulation techniques. The findings indicate that Win Production targets middle and upper-middle income couples as its primary customer segment and offers integrated, professional, and flexible wedding services tailored to client needs. The business model demonstrates strong alignment across all nine BMC components, contributing to enhanced competitiveness and business sustainability. The study confirms that Business Model Canvas is an effective strategic tool for analyzing and improving business models in service-based industries, particularly wedding organizer businesses operating in competitive local markets.
Copyright (c) 2026 Idham Sedayu Mahera, Dora Rinova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A CRITICAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ARBITRATION AND COURT PROCEEDINGS IN BUSINESS DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN POST-DIGITALIZATION INDONESIA: A STUDY OF LEGAL CERTAINTY AND TIME EFFICIENCY
The rapid expansion of the digital economy in Indonesia has significantly transformed business practices and, consequently, the landscape of business dispute resolution. This study presents a critical comparative analysis of arbitration—particularly online arbitration—and conventional court litigation in resolving business disputes in post-digitalization Indonesia. The research focuses on two principal aspects: legal certainty and time efficiency. Using normative juridical analysis supported by relevant legal theories, including Progressive Legal Theory, Development Legal Theory, and Legal Convergence Theory, this study examines the adaptability of dispute resolution mechanisms within the framework of Law Number 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution and related regulations governing electronic court administration. The findings indicate that arbitration, especially through Online Dispute Resolution (ODR), offers greater procedural flexibility, shorter resolution time, and cost efficiency compared to conventional litigation, which remains burdened by rigid procedural stages, administrative complexity, and case backlogs. Digitalization has further enhanced arbitration efficiency by enabling electronic submission of documents, virtual hearings, and digital evidence examination. However, challenges persist, including technological infrastructure limitations, data security concerns, and the need for regulatory harmonization to ensure enforceability and equal legal legitimacy with court decisions. This study concludes that while digital arbitration demonstrates superior time efficiency and practical advantages, regulatory reform and institutional strengthening are essential to guarantee optimal legal certainty in Indonesia’s evolving digital business environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Habibah Khoiriah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
SYNERGY OF PANCASILA AND POLITICS ON ECOLOGICAL CIVIC EDUCATION IN PUAY VILLAGE, PAPUA PROVINCE
In Indonesia, various disasters frequently occur, and in many cases, they are not solely caused by natural factors, but also by irresponsible human behavior and activities regarding the environment. These disasters include floods caused by illegal logging and indiscriminate waste disposal that clog waterways; forest fires often caused by land clearing by burning; and river pollution caused by untreated household and industrial waste. These conditions demonstrate that human behavior plays a significant role in exacerbating environmental damage and increasing the risk of disasters in various regions of Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to show data regarding the Synergy of Pancasila and Politics on Ecological Citizenship Education in Puay Village, Papua Province. The research method used in this study is a qualitative approach, while the type of research used is a case study. The results of this study show data that efforts to protect the environment which is part of the ecological citizenship carried out by the Puay Village community are by planting trees, cleaning the banks of Lake Sentani in Puay Village when commemorating the entry of the Gospel in Puay Village, and introducing the nature around Lake Sentani to students of SDN 5 Puay Village. The conclusion of this study is that the Puay Village community has contributed to protecting nature, especially the environment around Lake Sentani, which is the lifeblood of the Puay Village community.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ode Jamal, Ade Sopyan Hadi, Maya Mashita, Nesliani Paotonan, Grand Barrang, Melianan Refasi Refas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0